Click here to get a copy. Those 12% in Polish are very dubious as well. Chakavian actually has a written heritage, but it was mostly written down long ago. It may seem that Polish and Russian are mutually intelligible because they both come from the same language family and share a lot of similarities. My mother is a native Croatian speaker and she told me that serbian and croatian have very good intelligibility but however the grammar is very different.Comparing those two languages would be like comparing czech and slovakian. I cannot understand that much of kajkavski nor akavski, but I can understand more akavski than I can kajkavski. But even they will know the literary norm of their own language which will ease up the communication. This has, however, more to do with the new Ukrainian norm. I also recognize a Macedonian who speaks Serbian by the vowel e, and their sound of () is much softer than Serbian one, something between Serbian and or even as same as . I think this is very difficult for Macedonians to distinguish this two consonants and pronounce them correctly. Since then, Slovak has been disappearing from the Czech Republic, so the younger people dont understand Slovak so well. What language is closest to Polish? Save. If I had to name a Slavic language worst for intelligibility, it would absolutely and positively have to be Bulgarian its phonetics are completely foreign (to the extent that sometimes in the back of my mind I think that it sounds barbarian and Turkish), as is its grammar (the vocabulary, however, is not, being probably 90% similar to Russian, making written Bulgarian pretty easy). However, in terms of vocabulary Ukrainian is closer to Polish, from which it has borrowed a large number of words. What is the most mutually intelligible Slavic language? Good post, OP. My take on it is right here. Could you please explain what you mean by language and intelligibility and hopefully remedy this failure of the original text? The Serbo-Croatian vocabulary in both Macedonian and Torlakian is very similar, stemming from the political changes of 1912; whereas these words have changed more in Bulgarian. That barrier, however, is not too difficult to overcome. Kajkavian is fairly uniform across its speech area, whereas Chakavian is more diverse (Jembrigh 2014). The only big one i disagree with your breakdown is serbian/croatian vs bulgarian. All South Slavic languages in effect form a large dialect continuum of gradually mutually intelligible varieties depending on distance between the areas where they are spoken. Is there any way you could give me percentage figures for these observations of your wifes? In this case, too, however, while mutual intelligibility between speakers of the distant remnant languages may be greatly constrained, it is likely not at the zero level of completely unrelated languages. This stuff is not all that controversial. But still Slovene and Dalmatian akavian speaker can talk if they stick to old slavic part of their respective languages. Slovenians have a very hard time understanding Poles and Czechs and vice versa. https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA slavic mutual newspaper Shtokavian is simply the same Serbo-Croatian language that is also spoken in Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia. Was he from Belgrade or Novi Sad or Nis? Because mutual intelligibility comes in varying degrees, its hard to determine how much overlap there needs to be for something to be classified as such. Bratislava speakers say that Kosice speech sounds half Slovak and half Ukrainian and uses many odd and unfamiliar words. Kashubian itself is a macrolanguage made up of two different languages, South Kashubian and North Kashubian, as the two have difficult intelligibility. Re: Rus/Ukr Bulgarian and Macedonian can understand each other to a great degree (65-80%) but not completely. Furthermore, there is a dialect continuum between Kajkavian and Chakavian as there is between Kajkavian and Slovenian, and lects with a dialect continuum between them are always separate languages. A primary challenge to these positions is that speakers of closely related languages can often communicate with each other effectively if they choose to do so. ago. Russian has high intelligibility of Belarussian, on the order of 75%. Belarussian and Ukrainian have 85% similar vocabulary. In other words, Ukrainian speakers can often understand Russian, while Russian speaker doesn't understand Ukrainian, especially Russian speakers from outside Ukraine. I am really sorry, but if you are speaking about science, you cannot just say. So I asked my Russian wife to listen to some of them (mostly local news on Youtube). Some simple words as Zboruva talk were not understood by a Bulgarian and I was obliged to use the word govori so that I adapted my Macedonian to get understood, although we seldom say govori. Ni Torlak vowel reflexes are otherwise in line with standard Serbian and Northwestern Macedonian, deriving nuclear /u e i e u r/ from / y * *l *r/; some Torlak dialects towards Kosovo or Bulgaria instead have [l ~ l] for /l/ (giving [v()l(:)k] where Serbian normally has [v:k]) but none in my vicinity. Needless to say, Polish is very familiar too, except its phonology, getting the gist of which is just a matter of some time. I also have no problems understanding standard Croatian or the Kajkavian and Cakavian Croatian dialects and Bosnian and Montenegrin to me are the same language and completely understandable. I work with Russians (dro. By the way, osnovnata (osnovna-ta) is related to the Czech word osnova (basis, outline). Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in writing. In the case of Croatian and Slovene, the intelligibility is asymmetric, since Slovene participants could understand Croatian better than vice versa. So I understood 100% But I admit that it was a relatively very easy text. So I tried with my native Slovenian language and I was surprised how well Bulgars understand Slovenian language. That movie doesnt have subtitle in Serbia but I think its a big mistake. Russian is partially mutually intelligible with Ukrainian, Rusyn and Belarusian. A Slovenian person that has never lived in the east of the country understands only about 60 70 % of the dialect (Prekmurski dialect). When it is relatively symmetric, it is characterized as "mutual". Dont let the past politics fool you. Slovak 50 % spoken, 70 % written When we do intelligiblity studies, we look for virgin ears or people who have not heard the other language much or at all. As an addendum, Id like to make it known that my own grandmother, who hails from a village some twenty kilometers southwest of Ni, got lost in Belgrade once but has no problem getting around Skopje. He said he is frequent visitor in Poland and therefore he speaks Polish. To some extent, Russian, Rusyn, Ukrainian, and Belarusian retain a degree of mutual intelligibility. Are belarusian and russian mutually intelligible? - AskingForAnswer Ive been following this page and kept coming to it for the past months, actually more than a year (and have noticed some updates). Russian influence only ended in 1878. However, leaving aside Kajkavian speakers, Croatians have poor intelligibility of Slovenian. As a non-Ukrainian (as well as non-Polish) native speaker, I can understand Ukrainian through Polish more easily than Russian, even though I actually studied Russian formally, but never Ukrainian-:) . In my experience, its quite easy. Much of the claimed intelligibility between Czech and Slovak was simply bilingual learning. And yes, comprehension has suffered since Czechoslovakia broke up, due to lack of exposure. What percentage of Ukraine speaks Polish? Jeff Lindsay estimates that Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Pobrzajte in Serbian means (pourite) but I understand it because brzo means fast and prefix po also exists in Serbian, and the imperative form is the same. It is not true at all that Ukrainian and Russian are mutually intelligible, as Russian only has 50% intelligibility of Ukrainian. Sets of similar languages are the result of shared origin, so knowing a little more about mutual intelligibility can help you understand their origin. How can you mesure intelligibility by using one single person. A professor of Slavic Linguistics at a university in Bulgaria reviewed the paper and felt that the percentages were accurate. Macedonian is a little easier, since its more a transitional dialect between Bulgarian and Serbian. Kajkavian differs from the other Slavic lects spoken in Croatia in that is has many Hungarian and German loans (Jembrigh 2014). As far as grammars are concerned (declension and conjugation), they are so similar that there is almost no effort in understanding that this noun is, for example, in dative plural, and that verb is imperfective past. Yet some say that the subtitles are simply put on as a political move due to Ukraines puristic language policy. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia, http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings, http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/sheikhmedia.htm, http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/usama-bin-laden/view, http://ifaq.wap.org/society/voweldeployment.html, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Aog4AJdQM, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1n9KMawa-8, https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9, https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA, Alt Left: Ukrainian Nazis Execute Two of Their Own Men for Refusing to Fight, The Conquest of Germany and Japan Never Ended, Protected: Post to Discuss All of the Various POIs and Theories in the Delphi Murders from the Crime to the Present, Protected to Avoid Libel and Character Assassination Part 10, NATO Helped the Ukrainians Fire All Those Drones at Russia, Including all the Way to Moscow, The Conquest and Destruction of Russia Project Goes Way Back to Post World War 2, The Jewish Conspiracy To Subject Humankind. But then the second older guy from Bosnia (Filipovi) appeared on the screen and wow! According to a paper on Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family (link in comments): Native Belarusian speakers can understand 80% of spoken Ukrainian and 80% of written . How mutually intelligible are Czech and polish? | Latin D I am a native Macedonian and I totally dont agree with you. Only Croatians try so hard to press differences. The fact that such process works is almost a definition of mutual intelligibility for me. I also have formal training in several Slavic languages, which make most of them, except some of the Balkan ones, pretty much comprehensibe to me. In addition, Bin Laden is a suspect in other terrorist attacks throughout the world. You are wrong about Slovenian and Croatian languages. 40% of Silesian vocabulary is different from Polish, mostly Germanisms. In fact, I cannot often identify any words at all. Pannonian Rusyn is spoken by a group of Rusyns who migrated to northwestern Serbia (the Bachka region in Vojvodina province) and Eastern Croatia from Eastern Slovakia and Western Ukraine 250 years ago. The only (still rather minor) problem that I had with this text was the part Nared s osnovnata, izpolzovana v Balgarija (Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria), because I could not understand Nared s osnovnata. Or maybe you are just a gatekeeper. Eastern Slovak has 82% intelligibility of Rusyn and 72% of Ukrainian. Some islanders go even further than that and don`t consider themselves ethnic Croats. [2] As a consequence, spoken mutual intelligibility is not reciprocal. But when you see it, you are shocked that you can read it. Are polish and slovak mutually intelligible? Speaking of myself, after calculating everything, I can understand to specific degree Slovene, somewhat Slovak/Russian, Serbo-Croatian std without problems and also Macedonians. Most native speakers agree on MI. I also run a YouTube channel where I try to put the differences within the Croatias borders online since many whove seen them were surprised (or shocked). I put it to Google translator and I got this: I also conclude that in terms of straight linguistic science anyway, Czech and Slovak are simply one language called Czechoslovakian. In writing, however, Scots language looks similar to English (albeit with some spelling variations). Nared s osnovnata, izpolzovana v Balgarija, saestvuvat oe makedonska norma, kojato sao izpolzva kirilica, i banatska norma, kojata izpolzva latinica. He estimated that Belarusian and Ukrainian were at least 80% mutually intelligible, accents and dialect aside, and that Russian was far . The key problem of Bulgarian is the different gramar the lack of declination and the use of postpositive articles. Spanish is also partially mutually intelligible with Italian, Sardinian and French, with respective lexical similarities of 82%, 76% and 75%. I understood perfectly him, but not her. In this week's Slavic languages comparison, we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. Maltese. President Musharraf of Pakistan says that the CIA has secretly paid his government millions of dollars for handing over hundreds of al-Qaeda suspects to America.. . Finally, I think the Ukrainians' mentality if more Polish, while the Russian mentality is more fourteenth century Mongol. Czech-Slovak languages - Wikipedia Czech and Polish are incomprehensible to Serbo-Croatian speakers (Czech 10%, Polish 5%), but Serbo-Croatian has some limited comprehension of Slovak, on the order of 25%. Youre welcome Robert, for a non-slavic speaker, you have a pretty good grasp of these linguistic niceties. Ni Torlak has six vowels the standard /a e i o u/ and a reduced schwa // thats found where a strong yer once used to be, as in dog and sadness (this vowel has merged with /a/ in Serbian, but the two yers were kept as separate reflexes /e o/ (merging with those full vowels) in Macedonian) with phonemic and morpho-lexical stress that has plenty of grammatically conditioned shifts. There can be huge differences between spoken/written forms of a Slavic language, because the written form may have a very similar vocabulary, phonology and grammar, but due to a different, strong stress, you wont understand almost anything. In brief, there is some mutual intelligibility, enough to have a simple conversation of the 'me Tarzan - you Jane' type, speakin. Glad to hear you are steering clear of it. It uses shtokavian dialect but simultaniously italianized vocabulary,and it is very hard to be understood while speaking to a common Croatian speaker.Would that also be considered a separate language? | Animals | Slavic Languages Comparison The Best Online German Learning Resources Ukrainian phrases Ukrainian Phrasebook And Dictionary Paperback Lonely Planet: The world's leading travel guide publisher. An inherent pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a a speaker of Slavic lect A listening to a tape or video of a speaker of Slavic Lect A. Do you speak Boyko or Hutsul? Is Ukrainian mutually intelligible with Polish? Page 183 section 481. It is true that Western Slovak dialects can understand Czech well, but Central Slovak, Eastern Slovak and Extraslovakian Slovak dialects cannot. . I was surprised that they never live in Slovenia and they never learn Slovenian. There can be various reasons for this. There are some words that we don't understand, but in general, these languages are much closer to each other than the pairs Russian-Ukrainian and Russian-Belarusian. What Languages Are Mutually Intelligible With Serbian? Many of our word roots are the same. Many Turkic languages are mutually intelligible to a higher or lower degree, but thorough empirical research is needed to establish the exact levels and patterns of mutual intelligibility between the languages of this linguistic family. For Kai-Cha it was less shocking as many words were taught by their parents (or they remembered them from childhood, before the school system forces you to use only the Std Cro). Grammar, on the other hand, is a different matter altogether. Yes of course. Croatian language doesnt exists. Ukrainian, and Belarusian. Hence, Russians understand the colloquial Ukrainian spoken in the countryside pretty well, but they understand the modern standard heard on TV much less. Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . Kajkavski it seems has changed less than akavski. Most pairs have no figure for written intelligibility. Recently a Croatian linguist forwarded a proposal to formally recognize Chakavian as a separate language, but the famous Croatian Slavicist Radoslav Katii argued with him about this and rejected the proposal on political, not linguistic grounds. Much of the language has changed lots of Turkish loans have been dropped, plenty of standard Serbian terminology has made its way in but Ive had less of a communication issue in Kumanovo (north-eastern Macedonia) than Belgrade (capital of Serbia) back when I was but a young lad. In some respects, all Slavic languages have a lot in common. Croatian (Stokavski): 98% The Answer, and Examples for 8 World Languages. The intelligibility of Belarussian with both Ukrainian and Russian is a source of controversy. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. Probably, ja u da radim for Bosnians and Croatians sounds very Serbian. Ukrainian and Belarusian are mutually intelligible and in general very close and have some common features like synthetical future, but Russian speakers (who know only Russian) only partially understand Ukrainian/Belarusian. It was a long time ago though, so Ill try to convince her (and maybe a couple more Russians) to try this again tonight. The German influence is more prominent in the west; Polish influence is greater in the east. Answer (1 of 4): Yes. Polish is a disgusting sounding language. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? They are native Kajkavian speakers and this is another proof that Kajkavian is actually Slovenian. Czech-Polish is not at 12% anymore, a new study has found it is 32%. Speakers of the Torlak dialect (any Torlak dialect) understand Serbo-Croation, Macedonian and Bulgarian with no problem, and can comprehand Slovenian as much as 80-90% within a few weeks of exposure. I simply didnt know what for example word iskati (to seek) means when I first watched that movie, I was 14, I understand it from the context like I can understand Macedonian. Serbo-Croatian intelligibility of Slovenian is 25-30%. However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and Russian such as the Eastern Polissian and Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian that are intelligible with both languages . Mutual intelligibility between languages - CourseFinders Post 1991, g has returned. These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. But the language isnt problem. Ukrainians needs to make small preparation to become able for listening comprehension of Polish. Like rano i utro or kanapa dywan kawior. A prima example of this is Russian where the 5% intelligibility could be pretty accurate in the case of a regular communication, because Russians have a very strong intonation, and they simply dont pronounce vowels properly. In this week's Slavic languages comparison we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. Macedonian and Bulgarian would be much closer together except that in recent years, Macedonian has been heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian has been heavily influenced by Russian. There is a group of Bulgarians living in Serbia in the areas of Bosilegrad and Dimitrovgrad who speak a Bulgarian-Serbian transitional dialect, and Serbs are able to understand these Bulgarians well. Far Northeastern Slovak (Saris Slovak) near the Polish border is close to Polish and Ukrainian. Albeit, Scots dialect is far more pronounced than English, and at times, can be unintelligible. I am born and raised in Western Ukraine in a Russophone family. The base of Molise Croatian was Shtokavian with an Ikavian accent and a heavy Chakavian base similar to what is now spoken as Southern Kajkavian Ikavian on the islands of Croatia. Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). In addition, political and social conventions often override considerations of mutual intelligibility in both scientific and non-scientific views. For example we chakavians use a lot of words used in Polish, Ukrainian, Slovak etc but in standard Croatian those words are described as archaisms and instead words used in tokavian come from Turkish. Is there an agreed-upon standard? Interesting article Yes because governments dont conspire do they except for the Gulf of Tonkin, Iraq war, drug trafficking, coups, supporting the same Islamic terrorism which is even mentioned in main stream press during the 90s with links to the 9/11 hijackers which we are now supposably fighting a phoney war on terror against. However Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian are not like Czech and Slovak. A question: how is it decided that the cut-off between a language and dialect is 90% MI? Ukrainian and Russian only have 60% lexical similarity. Mutual intelligibility - Wikipedia I also met Croats from Zagreb that never learn Slovenian or live in Slovenia and I thought they are native Slovenian speakers because they can speak Slovenian perfectly. The languages really split about 1,000 years ago, but written Slovak was based on written Czech, and there was a lot of interlingual communication. Every major language has some dialects Also both sides are able to use standard Slovak. Anti-Ethnic Sentiments The Mutually Intelligible Languages of 8 Popular World Languages 1. Despite a lot of commonality between the dialects, the differences between them are significant. And, as it was already sad, all Slovaks understand czeh better than czech slovaks thanks to hostory and politics. But which languages in the world are actually closest to . Ni Torlak uses a definite suffix, -ta/-to/-ti/-te/-ta (fem.sg/neu.sg/masc.pl/fem.pl/neu.pl), but less frequently than Macedonian does, and only in the nominative; it doesnt have a distance contrast as it does in standard Macedonian but it isnt even present in Serbian to begin with She stated that Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible and that the main differences between the two languages is that Slovak has somewhat of a Hungarian inflluence, and Czech has more of a German and Latin component. Many Turkic languages are mutually intelligible to a higher or lower degree, but thorough empirical research is needed to establish the exact levels and patterns of mutual intelligibility between the languages of this linguistic family. Mutual intelligibility with varieties of Serbo-Croatian is hindered by differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, Kajkavian being the most mutually intelligible. Do you speak Ukrainian. Croats say Macedonian is a complete mystery to them. Feb 22, 2020. If you're a foreign student, studying russian, it's unlikely you'd be able to understand Ukrainian at all. Not sure where did you get more similarity between Boyko dialects and Russian language? In Czech rep. Slovaks dont have to pass any language exams (the other foreigner do have to). Now tokavian and akavian. Linguistic distance is the name for the concept of calculating a measurement for how different languages are from one another. 8. It should be noted that this division is conditional (actually: arbitrary) (and) names do not reflect the different languages, but only periods in the development of the Bulgarian language, which (have) detectable traits. 4. It was for me a bit strange, because Bulgarian science still supports the thesis that Macedonian is Bulgarian. There is a big problem with this. I will also send you a copy so you can look over the Serbo-Croatian part and tell me if there are any errors. Spoken Slovenian is a surprise too its phonology has a significant German influence. In writing, German is also somewhat mutually intelligible with Dutch. This is heartening, although Kajkavian as an existing spoken lect also needs to be recognized as a living language instead of a dialect of Croatian, whatever that word means. In the army, fairly precise understanding of the meaning of the commands is required and it worked, without any formal language training. There is much nonsense floating around about Serbo-Croatian or Shtokavian. My email is on the Contact page. So you believe the 9/11 narrative? 'My heart remains in Ukraine': The refugee women longing to return The problem is that native speakers can understand other speakers of their own language. That information is in error. Ukrainian much less comprehensible. For instance, Portuguese and Spanish have a relatively high degree of mutual intelligibility, but theyre technically separate languages. However, the Torlak Serbians can understand Macedonian well, as this is a Serbo-Croatian dialect transitional to both languages. This is because colloquial Ukrainian is closer to the Ukrainian spoken in the Soviet era which had huge Russian influence. Zona Zamfirova is the movie in a Serbian dialect, but I dont understand it as same as I dont understand Macedonian or even more so, that is more like Bulgarian with the hard vowels. If one takes the transitional dialects which make a triangle between Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, one can say that it is also one language. Tunisian Arabic is also considered mutually intelligible with Maltese, particularly with regards to idiomatic expressions. So dominant, in fact, that parts of Ukraine and Belarus were significantly russified in a matter of a generation, even if not completely. And Im glad he didnt felt in the nonsense babble of serbians, croats and bosnians that try too hard to show their differences, due to political/religious reasons. The more the better. The higher the linguistic distance, the lower the mutual intelligibility. As such, spoken Danish and Swedish normally have low mutual intelligibility,[2] but Swedes in the resund region (including Malm and Helsingborg), across a strait from the Danish capital Copenhagen, understand Danish somewhat better, largely due to the proximity of the region to Danish-speaking areas. I dont know about Macedonian (havent ever heard or read it) but it seems to be like in the middle between Serbian and Bulgarian (just like frisian is in the middle of dutch and english). It differs from the rest of Silesian in that it has undergone heavy Czech influence. For the south slavic speakers, it is a commonism, almost a joke, for a Serb and a Croat to argue---in a mutually intelligible language---that . We speak in our own, or we speak locally. We speak them too. What sort of Slav nation are you a part of my friend? After all, you can look at the study that I listed above and check the results of the written translation task (translation of 50 individual words), which illustrates the similarity of lexicons: Czechs best understand Slovak words (96,52%), then Polish (64,29%), then Bulgarian (57,00%), Croatian (55,38%) and Slovene (49,73%). A lect called iarija Slovenian is spoken on the Istrian Peninsula in Slovenia just north of Croatia. Part of the problem between Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is that so many of the basic words be, do, this, that, where are different, however, much of the rest of the vocabulary is the same. WORD. Rather than 95%, or 85%. demonstratives (tk~ovd vs. tuka~ovde, tamo vs. tamu) and some elementary adverbs (sg vs. sega now; jutre vs. utre tomorrow; dns(ke) ~ deneska today, fera vs. vera yesterday) are fairly similar; Ni Torlak uses multiple sets of demonstratives as its 3rd person pronouns (toj/ta/to/ti/te/ta, onj/on/on/on/on/on, ovj/ov/ov/ov/ov/ov, in descending order of frequency) as opposed to Serbians almost exclusive use of on/ona/ono/oni/one/ona and standard Macedonians use of toj/taa/toa/tie
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