It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs to locate an earthquake. www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_findingepicenters_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/earthquakes/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (pdf), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (pdf), Earthquakes Living Lab: FAQs about P Waves, S Waves and More, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth, Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php, https://www.newpathonline.com/api_player/enus_54_6304/LXX/index.html. What is the time lag for the Seattle, Washington, seismic station? Do you think we will someday be able to prevent earthquakes? 0000002383 00000 n ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream 0000008088 00000 n 0000008845 00000 n MS-ESS3-2. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare Success is figuring out that the estimated magnitude is 5.9. Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. 0000009174 00000 n 9 - distance = travel time for S waves inch = 500 km. PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. 3. 83 0 obj <> endobj Add to FlexBook Textbook. Though the distance to the epicenter can be determined using a travel-time graph, the direction cannot be told. Adjust the timing to the class period, remembering that you will need time to introduce the investigation, clean up afterwards, and re-set up for the next class (if you are working with more than one class). Record your answer from Lab Exercise #2, Step 1. 0000002544 00000 n Sixty-seven people lost their lives, and property damage was estimated at $6 billion. hb```b````e``n`d@ A 'EF''oquE"ky#:}m;9JmkPt~=unFHy&|X:70 vILZ*|%6mD! Earthquakes and Seismic Waves - carlisleschools.org What is an earthquake? 6. Details. minutes and P waves 8 minutes to Great exercise for Regents Earth Science. Seismic stations detect earthquakes by the tracings made on seismographs. For example, Answer Key: Lab 5 Earthquakes - Find People, Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation, Earthquake Station - Regents Earth Science, Locating Earthquakes Teaching Resources - TPT, Locating An Epicenter Teaching Resources - TPT, How To Find The Epicenter Of An Earthquake - YouTube, Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet, Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Worksheet Answers, glencoe responsible driving chapter 2 answers, pnp neuro psychiatric exam sample questions, quais tipos de drogas sao detectadas no exame toxicologico, centro de apoio diagnostico resultado de exames, locating earthquake epicenter worksheet answer key, exame pcr covid para viagem internacional, quantos dias pra sair o resultado do exame de covid, du ma political science entrance exam syllabus 2023, earth and life science grade 11 module 4 genetic engineering answer key, go math grade 5 chapter 11 lesson 11.9 answer key, civil service examination in the philippines. As you read and complete the activity, take notes so you can complete the. cCV&0Lw1~c\4QA!{q: N3\`Lccgb,x/if`WH3(\'q)Da'@ | endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[57 4]/Length 20/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream Multiply the difference by 8.4 to estimate the distance, in kilometers, from the seismograph station to the epicenter. What data is used to determine magnitude? velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the 0000001893 00000 n ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. While earthquake locations are normally done with a computer that can quickly determine the paths of seismic waves through the Earth to many seismic stations, 15 Introduction to Geology Chapter Worksheet . In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographs from at least three different places are needed for a particular event. In this investigation, participants will understand that S and P waves are used to find the epicenter of an earthquake by using seismograph data to triangulate an epicenter. hWmo9+[+UH EkNB|6YiaVJ=cRh7{T1R,5LI1$K=s)XR&87@&$LTPLutlcyNuzjf--\?qaXZM&HM.Eg"HnTqSWqN0&~2kf0 Md|d&:zhe)7I? Video Guide / Worksheets and Quizzes for Quizzes and Answer Sheet __ 2. trailer <<320C1F98F8FF4795B5CCB8D9E9A0B99B>]/Prev 812054/XRefStm 1396>> startxref 0 %%EOF 93 0 obj <>stream (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. As the drum rotated, t, pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface, between arrival of P and S waves is called, epicenter, the longer the lag time measured, velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the. Use this information to complete the following. Therefore, the lag The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away is the epicenter. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. /g$=#!$EbBbhD!,x so^6Uc})\uJs=fyY}j'|YjTm8B_[}*Ovm\[J'.mu?lQg,wzJM^X&P w>-T%*h%J4 yB@VPmP]@D------------,2dfY$"A!ANAASi)4$dniiiinH% Gxt5DJ) )9RRr$II'y ??O's^3@[{*{VT?nsNS!ilq]mFO?? Why might the triangulation method not always produce an exact point (other than your measurement errors)? We have answers to the most popular questions from our customers. Ch Person/Attorney Filing: - Superior Court - Maricopa County - superiorcourt maricopa. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Lab Lesson 4 - Lab Lesson 4: Earthquakes and Seismology, After reading about earthquakes, open a new window to an Earthquake Simulator at, Follow the simulation instructions. The earthquake occurred somewhere along that circle. [k0 |`2dGXGGGd00A(60P-e = F5n -f$ C 2. Short for "secondary wave" or "shear wave." Activity: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Lecture 3 Damage from the earthquake was widespread, but the actual location of the earthquake (the epicenter) 0000001861 00000 n Hands-on Activity Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters Objective Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. Since the 1970s, the use of the Richter magnitude scale has largely been replaced in the scientific community by the moment magnitude scale (MMS). All the arcs should intersect at a common point - the epicenter. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Have students turn in their answers for the Explain portion of the worksheet. 12), Seek, evaluate, and use a variety of specialized resources available from libraries, the Internet, and the community to find scientific information on Earth's history During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. endstream endobj startxref If less precision is desired, precede M with a tilde, such as "M ~7" or "magnitude ~6.8.". trailer <<0444DE89825047A1A483C62E98F50868>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 114 0 obj <>stream farther from the epicenter of an earthquake? 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So the difference in the P- and S-wave arrival times determines the distance between the epicenter and a seismometer. The longer the time is between the P-and S-wave . However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions. Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . hbbd``b`$C`q9 X_$_g`bdxc`X If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. 0000005149 00000 n How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and the last measurable The arrival of seismic waves will be recognized by an increase in amplitude look for a pattern change as lines get taller and more closely spaced (ex. Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. minutes = 6 minutes. The nations most famous fault is the San Andreas Fault, which runs along a north-south trend in southern California, and happens to run directly through Los Angeles. 1) Identify the general term for waves released from an earthquake. Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. Sign, fax and printable from PC, iPad, tablet or mobile with pdfFiller Note-taking Worksheet. %PDF-1.3 % Make changes to the sample. Triangulation and Magnitude: Student pairs complete the worksheet, which includes following a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab. Richter magnitude scale: An earthquake measurement scale created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. HS]o01j6R0iMm4U=wL8]BE< Download. Finally, the location of the 3 seismographs are placed on a map and the distance to the epicenter is used to draw a circle with an origin at each seismograph and a radius equal to the distance to the epicenter as taken from each seismogram. What is the Many updates and improvements! Using historical seismographs, engineers forecast the strength or magnitude of earthquakes and make predictions and determine building codes and safety protocols. and S waves depends on the distance from the epicenter of the answer the following question. pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface PDF EARTHQUAKE EPICENTER LOCATION EXERCISE - Idaho geology The living lab presents earthquake information through a focus on four active seismic areas and historic earthquakes in those areas. 0000033429 00000 n 0000004224 00000 n An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. 0000055643 00000 n Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answer Key Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. HTAn Earth and Space, Physical Science, A process called triangulation uses seismic data from three locations to identify the epicenter of an earthquake.copyrightCopyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. You will receive your score and answers at the end. The seismometers are shown as green dots. epicenter: A point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the place where the underground forces of an earthquake originate. The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. Refer to the data table and use the difference in arrival times to determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter for Station 2. Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. Entering the three maximum amplitudes generates a nomogram, a graphical device that simplifies the process of estimating magnitude from distance (determined earlier in the tutorial from the S-P interval process) and amplitude. Subjects: Earth Sciences, General Science Grades: 5th - 8th Types: Activities, Laboratory Epicenter Location on Earth's surface directly above the focus of the earthquake 5. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, The period of a wave is the time between two adj, How does the period of the P waves compare to t. Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. The three seismograms in this activity are unfi ltered station records from a single event that occurred on August 1, 1999. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. 0000115324 00000 n Introduction: Before student pairs look at the Earthquakes Living Lab, direct them to complete the Engage section of the Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, which asks them to apply any prior knowledge and/or speculate as to what the Richter magnitude scale is and what an epicenter is. 0000000856 00000 n 0000002507 00000 n Students learn what causes earthquakes, how we measure and locate them, and their effects and consequences. After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, Before looking at the Earthquakes Living Lab, have pairs complete the, Then guide the teams to the Earthquakes Living Lab via the living lab website at. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. consider a seismograph stationed 3, If your seismograph station is (Grades 9 - 12). activity illustrates how the epicenter of an earthquake is found. The farther away the epicenter is, the greater the difference . 500p;333aXb3 \a.1. Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. (, Find the S-P interval for each seismogram and record answers in the S-P column of, Find the distance to the epicenter (in kilometers) from each recording station and record answers in Table 1. The distance is in kilometers. Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. longer or shorter). P wave. Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc Upload a document. Resources. 0000003855 00000 n In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. They make a model of a seismographa measuring device that records an earthquake on a seismogram. moment magnitude scale: Similar to the Richter scale, but replacing its use starting in the 1970s for more accuracy in measuring big earthquakes (magnitudes > 3.5) from greater distances. 0000030240 00000 n What about P waves? Earthquakes and Volcanoes. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Copyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. Three seismographs are needed. Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? HTn0"H@w=s(vxk8OM1px-{$_!o5|CS7RPr#V(0CUa%ZkuT9t};D Jj=.9,z!#@n5YCu>R88tfFRX=iRK Even though the scale formulae are different, MMS retains the familiar continuum of magnitude values defined by the older scale. Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region, combined with an understanding of related geologic forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. 61 0 obj <> endobj xref The USGS and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and hazards, and . 0000006011 00000 n The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). PDF Locating an Epicenter Activity - Arkansas Geological Survey Show students some of the numerous online animations comparing the movements of P and S waves. The vertical lines, spaced one View Notes - Locating_an_epicenter_activity from SCIENCE Earth Scie at Toms River High North. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave . 17 Station St., Ste 3 Brookline, MA 02445. 0000001862 00000 n Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video shake, shake, shake. Choose an answer and hit 'next'. Figure 2. graph. Edit your locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers online. Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. E}g7$i(=K)"aj%v]vPcYloi@X3noGX{[XucOgkdF.>Ym^fwrQf;8_Nok3w\;?n_Hhc?>k\o[%DgwJ'3d.lTqDy_aJw! Solved Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an - Chegg Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. Copyright 2023. 0000001675 00000 n 0000001562 00000 n 0000001604 00000 n Engineers first determine where earthquakes are likely to occur, and how severe they are likely to be. 87 0 obj <> endobj xref 87 28 0000000016 00000 n 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter - Geosciences LibreTexts To complete the activity, some prior . Seismic Waves. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Also commonly termed the focus. The magnitude determination is based on seismic data. Mark the first arrival of the swave on each seismogram. DocHub v5.1.1 Released! 01. Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>stream The epicenter of an earthquake can be found using the difference between the arrival of the Primary and Secondary waves. Based on your answers to the previous question, what is the lag time for locations that are 0000004457 00000 n Focus. Earthquake Worksheet Answers 1. Divide the class into student pairs, and have them assemble at their computers with journals/paper and writing instruments. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows - Chegg 1,000 miles from the epicenter of an earthquake? Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Figure 2 is a seismic wave travel-time A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place. It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. How far do S waves travel in 5 0000003966 00000 n Locating an Earthquake's Epicenter - American Geosciences Institute Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media. It travels faster than the same earthquake's S wave (almost double the speed) and is similar to sound waves. How does the Mad Scientist. The period of P waves is shorter, than the period of surface waves. So next, students compute the magnitude of this same earthquake by looking at the three simplified seismograms again, but this time selecting each's maximum S wave amplitude (height). If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. endstream endobj 84 0 obj <> endobj 85 0 obj <> endobj 86 0 obj <>stream The moment magnitude scale (MMS) was developed in the 1970s as a modification of the Richter scale and is better for measuring big earthquakes but less good for small ones. Conclude the activity with a class discussion (and perhaps homework questions) to share ideas and answers, as described in the Assessment section. You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known (from left to right). Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Worksheet Answers The instrument detects and documents the intensity, direction and duration of ground vibrations, which are used to determine the epicenters and strength/magnitudes of earthquakes or other seismic events. Learn more How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? 0000002840 00000 n How can you locate an earthquake's epicenter? Looking at the nomogram, students click on each location data point to see where the three lines intersect to read the estimated magnitude. These natural disasters may be mitigated, however, by insightful and creative engineering. Do you agree with this alignment? Figure 1 is a simplified example of a 0000001736 00000 n Share with Classes. HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>stream What data is used to determine magnitude? A. Seismic waves-waves generated by an earthquake, can move the ground forward and back- answers the question. See Answer. 0000001408 00000 n What is an earthquake? P wave: The first seismic wave of an earthquake. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? locate and label the epicenter of the earthquake on this map. (, Have any of you ever experienced an earthquake or know anyone who has? The, amount of time that passes between the Pwave arrival and the Swave arrival is. (Figure 3):. 0000002094 00000 n atrial depolarization. In this 1-to-10 logarithmic scale, each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. 13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. Assess their understanding based on the thoroughness of their answers. : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and. within type by subtype, then by grade, etc.
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