No wonder those clay figurines were so popular, enabling immediate access to the goddess, while the serpent is planning his trap like acting inquisitive to find out which fruit is prohibited and she says something like Oh, I heard those cannabis cookies are a way too potent and those chocolate chip cookies are high in calories, and the serpent knows that the ingredient in chocolate makes her feel satisfied and she is not desiring for her husband (Genesis 3:16) It also states that God would put enmity between (bein) the woman and the serpent and between (bein) her descendants and serpent (Genesis 3:15), whose head is located at the lowest part of the human brain where the baser instincts are located. Send us your question and well respond within 24 hours. She was occasionally called Elath (Elat), the Goddess, and may have also been called Qudshu, Holiness.. (NLT). like that of a bar magnet, with the north pole at earth's Webwhat does an asherah pole look like. Combine a one-year tablet and print subscription to BAR with membership in the BAS Library to start your journey into the ancient past today! Olyan, Saul M. Asherah Asherah figures prominently as the wife of Elthe supreme godin a treasure trove of cuneiform texts found in the second millennium port city of Ugarit (in todays Northern Syria). Source: northernway.org, By Mary Naples, Contributing Writer, Classical Wisdom Weekly, Anya Leonard is the co-founder and Director of Classical Wisdom Weekly. That's why God got angry and for the record Jesus said that the Unpardonable Sin is Sinning against the Holy Spirit there is no coming back from that blunder. The year 1185 BC heralded a diaspora of the so-called Sea Peoples to the south-western coast of the Levantine. The relation of the literary references to an asherah and archaeological finds of Judaean pillar-figurines has engendered a literature of debate. inscriptions from the Sinai; the late-thirteenth-century B.C.E. The Wikipedia page on Khirbet el-Qom is about one of the sites where a reference to Yahweh and His Asherah was found in a double tomb near Hebron and the account of Abraham purchasing the Cave of Machpelah (Genesis 23:9) or the Cave of the Two Tombs that was for Sarah (who was possibly a priestess of the moon god Sin), was given a connection to the first ancestors in the book of Zohar: In the above article the author mentions Asherah as being the mother of the 70 gods of the Canaanite pantheon. Asherah in the Hebrew Bible and Northwest Semitic Literature. In Canaanite religion her primary role was that of mother goddess. And the prophets began to exalt the fullness of the Lord and they would do so at the idols expense. Scripture also references carved images of Asherah (1 Kings 15:13; 2 Kings 21:7). They would mockingly show the inadequacy of worshipping sticks of wood (that you have to craft) that you created while rejecting the living God. Reassessment of Asherah: A Study According to Textual Sources of the First But by God we do not mean a general belief in his existence. However, we need to understand that they were committing their idolatry in private. I can have my cake and eat it too. In some translations, Asherah is taken to refer to a tree or grove. From torch to toe the Statue of Liberty resembles a pole. (NLT). ), was allowed to remain standing by the reformer King Jehu (1 Kgs 16:33; 2 Kgs 13:6), even though Jehu was generally at pains to remove all non-Yahwistic cults and cult imagery from the land. The main reason Israel was exiled was because of her sins of idolatry: 2 Kings 17:16They rejected all the commands of the LORD their God and made two calves from metal. Mary Fairchild is a full-time Christian minister, writer, and editor of two Christian anthologies, including "Stories of Calvary.". Archaeologists speculate that it is an image of an Asherah pole. And Ahab made an Asherah. When I read that verse my first instinct is to say, I sure hope he had a tissue. Is an Asherah a good thing, or a bad thing? One of the primary reasons Israel fell to the Assyrians was because of Gods anger over their worship of Asherah and Baal (2 Kings 17:523). For example, one of the Canaanite epithets of Asherah, elat, goddess, is etymologically identical to the Hebrew word for the terebinth tree (ela). Most believe she was the wife of the supreme god El and the mother of Baal. : The mention of these deities in the plural may indicate that each locality had its Baal and Asherah. By what? Ezekiel 8:17. This daily newsletter provides a starting point for personal study, and gives valuable insight into the verses that make up the Word of God. This name brings to mind the founder of the Akkadian Empire, Sargon, or Sarukin (legitamate king) and his descendant on the throne who was the last functioning emperor, Sharkalisharri (king of all kings). Both of these phrases are stereotypically used by the biblical writers to describe sites of idolatrous worship, implying, as does Judges 6, that the worship of Asherah was an apostate behavior in Israel and improper for followers of YHWH. He was offended by what was going on. It was essentially a phallic symbol. Baruch haba bshem Adoni YAHUAH. Throughout the history of civilization, the concept of the apocalypse has been ever present, in one way or another. Ahab introduced his wife Jezebels pagan gods into Jewish worship by importing 450 prophets of Baal and 400 prophets of Asherah (1 Kings 18:146). What, then, was an Asherah pole? According to Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible manifestations of Asherah worship have been identified in Egyptian, Hittite, Philistine, and Arabic texts. So, the Asherah cult was prominent. Unfortunately, we do not know what place these held within the worship of Asherah, nor do we have any lasting depiction of these idols. She has an M.A. The inscription reads: I have blessed you by Yahweh.and his Asherah. Not only was this engraving found in the 9th-8th century BC Israelite caravanserai, Kuntillet Ajrud, the same text was found in a number of sites thought to be Yahweh sanctuaries, such as in Samaria, Jerusalem, Teman, and in the Biblical kingdom of Judah, at the ancient burial site of Khirbet el-Qom, dating to 750 BC. Whether women, more generally, were more likely to be devotees of Asherahs cult is unknown. Perhaps Im opening a Pandoras Box, but this goddess never really was eradicated from Judaism because the sacred tree of Asherah was so universal in ancient times so that (almost) everyone would understand that the position of the Tree of Life in the middle of the garden (Genesis 2:9) referred to the all-pervading cultural influence where this iconic image appeared everywhere like the pithos from Kuntilet Ajrud depicting two ibexes flanking a stylized tree and on the cult stand from Tanaach on the third tier from the bottom that features two goats flanking a tree, with both examples having depictions of lions that are identified with Asherah. They set up an Asherah pole and worshiped Baal and all the forces of heaven. Whether as Asherah, Astarte, or any other name, feminine manifestations of the godhead were systematically and sometimes violently opposed by the religious authorities of the Kingdom of Judah and its Temple. (b) a construction similar, to the admittedly much later, Song of Songs 1:6 karmi elli. (2Ch 33:11-13, 15, 21-23) This made it necessary for righteous King Josiah, who succeeded Amon to the throne, to pull down the houses of the male temple prostitutes that were in the house of Jehovah, where the women were weaving tent shrines for the sacred pole.2Ki 23:4-7. Language that speaks of God as mother, for example (as in Deut 32:18; Num 11:1213; Isa 45:910, 49:15; 66:13), probably represents the assimilation of Asherahs maternal characteristics to YHWH. Thus Asherahs children at Ugarit can be called her pride of lions; the goddess is called lady of the serpent in second-millennium B.C.E. Who is Jason crabb mother and where is she? A little leaven would work through the whole lump and before long they were fully engaged in syncretic worship; having idols, like Asherah, in the very temple of YHWH. They forgot about the LORD their God, and they served the images of Baal and the Asherah poles (Judges 3:7, NLT ). : Monotheism in Ancient Israel and the Veneration of the Goddess Asherah (Biblical Seminar ) by Bob Becking, Meindert Dijkstra, Marjo C. A. Korpel, Karel J. H. Vriezen, Sheffield Academic Press 2001, p. 117. "Who Is Asherah in the Bible?" Do we still have Asherah poles today? This is one of the helpful points that the Puritan John Owen made in his work The Mortification of Sin. Their children form the pantheon of the gods, who are said to number seventy; a Hittite myth similarly mentions the seventy-seven and eighty-eight children of Asherah. (Jg 6:25) Jezebel, the Sidonian wife of Ahab the king of Israel, entertained at her table 450 prophets of Baal and 400 prophets of the sacred pole, or Asherah.1Ki 18:19. Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. But the most abundant of these are her pillar figurines which were popular from the 10th through the 7th centuries BC. A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire, Theyre Alive! Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. Every Action Has a Reaction. Despite these and other references associating Asherah with apostasy, contemporary discoveries have further indicated that, at least in the opinion of some ancient Israelites, YHWH and Asherah were appropriately worshipped as a pair. Its our plight that moved the heavensit is the LORD Himself who would come and rescue us. ( Queen of Heaven ). We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. I've have been recently studying Cast Out Bible Books like for example Enoch an in Enoch 1 The Book of Watchers (200 Evil-Angel), Enoch was given a grand tour of Heaven accompanied by some good Angels He made it all the way to the throne room of God and made known The Holy Trinity I AM Yahweh, The Holy One and The Elect One Who is Christ the Reedemer in fact Enoch bears witness in Heaven watching The Ancient of Days going by an The Son of Man Christ follows close behind with 10000 Angels accompanying them both. (1930) by Russian esoteric Christian Nicholas Roerich. In Deuteronomy 16:21 they are forbidden to plant any tree as an Asherah beside the altar of the LORD your God. This would have been syncretizing Israelite worship with the worship of this pagan goddess. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your device and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. In Ugaritic literature, she was called Lady Asherah of the Sea.. WebAsherah was often associated with carved trees. By and large, the biblical writers were unhappy that Asherah shared the same platform with their male deity, Yahweh, and repeatedly tried to dissuade their pairing. A famous Asherah pole stood in Samaria in the days of King Jehoahaz (2 Kings 13:6). If a correspondence holds, then the trees of life and of knowledge in the Eden narrative may also reflect Asherah imagery. Even their children go to worship at their pagan altars and Asherah poles, beneath every green tree and on every high hill. Why is God jealous. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. Is an Asherah Pole Ever Mentioned in the Bible? The Lord God Jehovah is perfect, man is not. Scripture does tell us however that the Asherah or groves were usually set up near Baal images, and that Asherah and Baal together symbolized both male and female sexual properties. Perhaps surprisingly, Asherah is mentioned in the early Hebrew Bible some forty separate times, although most often as an object of derision. What we need is a living encounter with God. (Keller, Counterfeit Gods, 155). Or perhaps the more fundamental question iswhat in the world is an Asherah pole? He thus divided the administration of government between this Czars militaristic empire-building sphere and the cultic-religious sphere with his daughter in her capacity as patroness of the arts. Also, vessels in the temple were used to make sacrifices to Asherah (2 Kgs 23:4), and in a compound within the temples walls, women cult functionaries wove garments used to clothe Asherahs cult statue (2 Kgs 23:7). Day, John. Would you like us to send you a FREE new word definition delivered to your inbox daily? He rebuilt the high places and set up altars for Baal and an Asherah pole. Thus it appears that, although generally the biblical writersespecially certain prophets (Isa 17:8; 27:9; Jer 17:2; Mic 5:14) and the authors responsible for Deuteronomy, Judges, 1 and 2 Kings, and 2 Chroniclesregarded Asherah worship as inappropriate, at least some and possibly many in ancient Israel incorporated the goddesss cult imagery and ritual into the cult of YHWH. Israels association of Asherah with sacred trees is repeated over thirty times in the Bible; many of these citations are stereotypically used by the biblical writers to describe sites of idolatrous worship, implying that the worship of Asherah was an apostate behavior in Israel and improper for followers of YHWH. This can easily happen in either the old Hebrew or the Aramaic script. ( Looklex Encyclopaedia ), Top Image: Veiled Mother of the World (Deriv.) This site is a proud member of the Salem Web Network, a subsidiary of, Copyright 2023, Crosswalk.com. You must break down their pagan altars and shatter their sacred pillars. It is likely through the various secular conquests and the changing political landscape that God kept his promise to root out the Asherah images.. There is some debate on whether these were actual living trees or wooden figures in the shape of trees. By the age of 10, most children in the United States have been taught all 50 states that make up the country. The Bible also connects sacred poles with the high places (open-air cult sites?) He sacrificed his own son in the fire, practiced sorcery and divination, and even made a carved image of Asherah and set it up in the Temple (2 Kings 21:7, NLT). The north pole is not a country, so it doesn't have a flag. An Asherah pole, like the ones found here, often represented trees associated with this mother goddess, but some archeologists believe they used living trees for these objects of religion. Happy Womens History Month! They forgot about the LORD their God, and they served the images of Baal and the Asherah poles (Judges 3:7, NLT). Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. Furthermore, the many artifacts representing Asherah and her cult from the region belies the biblical prohibition against the creation of idols. A number of modern Bible translations, though, have rendered the original-language word as sacred pole(s) [or post] but transliterated it when the reference is apparently to the goddess. She's within the Holy Trinity during the middle ages people used to say I baptize you in the name of The Father, The Son, and in the name of the Mother aka Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost. In mythological texts from the Late Bronze Age (c. 15501200 B.C.E) city-state of Ugarit, she is called the creatress of the gods; her consort at Ugarit, the god El, is called creator. El is also referred to as father and patriarch at Ugarit, as Asherah, likewise, is called mother. discord packing lines vendeur in french masculine or feminine streptococcus spp high in stool symptoms jeremy alters berman. Kevelaer, Germany: 1993. Who Is Asherah in the Bible? inscriptions that mention YHWH and his Asherah (meaning YHWHs companion [consort? (2Ki 21:7) Manasseh was disciplined by being taken captive to Babylon and, upon his returning to Jerusalem, showed he had profited from that discipline and cleansed Jehovahs house of idolatrous appendages. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? But is removal and uprooting all that is required? In the final revision of the history of the first temple period, Asherah is only a foreign deity that needed to be banned, though the Samaritans and Edomites still worshiped her after the Jews returned from captivity in Babylonia. Asherah poles were erected at sacred sites and alongside altars throughout the land of Canaan on every high hill and under every green tree (1 Kings 14:23, ESV). In Judges 6, a sacred pole of Asherah is said to have stood beside the altar of the Canaanite storm god, Baal. p. 106) . WebThe image of Asherah was a tree used by the Pagan Canaanites and Phoenicians. All of the things which we long for that can make idols tempting are found perfectly in Jesus Christ. Who was the Beelzebub/Beelzebul that the Pharisees attributed Christ's work to? From what i know Asherah is a false god(dess) which the Children of Israel worshiped and abandoned God for. This is because southern royal ideology typically described the kings metaphorical father as YHWH. | The Word Ministries, http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0011_0_09825.html, http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200273085, http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200270520, http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-israel/asherah-and-the-asherim-god…, http://www.transoxiana.org/0108/roberts-enheduanna.html, http://www.transoxiana.org/0108/roberts-enheduana.html. You have it right! Have We Turned Our Favorite Preachers and Teachers into Idols? As Owen would say, Do you mortify; do you make it your daily work; be always at it whilst you live; cease not a day from this work; be killing sin or it will be killing you. We see from history that when the Israelites refused to cut down the Asherah poles it was an indicator that their hearts were not fully given over to the Lord. Fairchild, Mary. [10] WebAn Asherah pole was a sacred pole (or sometimes a tree) that was used in the worship of the pagan goddess Asherah. Scant referrals in the Bible alert to the presence of a vilified female deity destined to be banished into oblivion. Only seven instances of Asherah are references to the goddess herself. Help JWA continue to lift up Jewish womens stories, this month and every month, by. [The goddess Asherah (Astarte) is the name of the wife of the God of Israel? What Is an Asherah Pole and Does it Have Biblical Significance? They are not the last word, only the Bible . Considered the moon-goddess, Asherah was often presented as a consort of Baal, the sun-god ( Judges 3:7, 6:28, 10:6; 1 Samuel 7:4, 12:10 ). That's all I have for now this was a very exciting Article to read thanks for Posting it much appreciated. The Canaanites often worshipped her via trees (Asherah poles) because of her association with the tree of life. WebThe branch He mentions is probably an Asherah, a tree or a wooden pole that stood for the fertility goddess. But there is more than removal of idols (more than keeping yourself from temptation) that must take place if real holiness and dedication are to be the result. One possibility is that in royal circles, especially in the southern capital city of Jerusalem, the cult of Asherah was particularly attractive to the kings mother. The painting on the jar depicts a pole with thin branches in the shape of a stylized tree. A The Old Testament writers do not give a detailed description of Asherah or an Asherah pole nor of the origin of the worship of Asherah. Josiah reversed this course and took all of these pagan symbols out of the temple. The term images of Asherah is often used in the Hebrew Bible and it is thought that these pillar figurines are what the writers of the bible had in mind. WebPut simply, an Asherah pole is a wooden idol (likely in the shape of a tree) used to worship the goddess Asherah. Idols are alluring at times because we want something tangible. Likewise, these writers do not always make a clear distinction between references to the goddess Asherah and the objects dedicated to her for worship. Therefore he asked for it, since his desire focused constantly on that site (p.221). Judges 3:7 ). While there are voluminous artifacts identified as Asherah in the region, there are still pieces missing from the puzzle. The garden of Eden with the fall of man . Figures by Rubens, landscape and animals by Brueghel. When northern Israel was dispersed into the nations by the Assyrians in 722 BCE, they carried this "tree" custom with them. WebIf you look at the Statue of Liberty you will notice that near her feet the robe resembles a tree trunk. Your email address will not be published. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, about 7,500-year-old Juniper Stump Is Believed Oldest Goddess Asherah Idol, about Tracing The Footprints Of The Philistines To Minoan Knossos On Crete, about The Resurrection of Asherah, Mother-Goddess of Humankind, about Goddess NinkharsagAncient Powerful Mother who Faded into The Holy Ghost, about Unravelling the Roots of Hera, the Wrathful Goddess of Marriage, Dizzying Inca Rope Bridges Were Grass-Made Marvels of Engineering. What causes infertility and how the IVF works? WebMeaning of asherah pole. Even the angle at which she holds the torch is extraordinarily parallel much like a pole. Even while idolatry is reviled in the Hebrew Bible, ample archaeological evidence suggests that those living outside the metropolis idolized statuary and cult objects as part of their religion, leading one scholar to opine: Folk religion can be defined as everything that those who wrote the Bible condemned.. Literacy was close to non-existent in the rural communities, thus the book religion as practiced in the cities would have little meaning in the lives of those inhabiting the outlying areas. They must be replaced. Two Millennia, The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women, Copyright 19982023, Jewish Women's Archive. rim) is thought to refer to (1) a sacred pole representing Asherah, a Canaanite goddess of fertility (Jg 6:25,26), and (2) the goddess Asherah herself. Both the Greek and Latin translations of the Bible, moreover, render the words asherah and asherim as grove or wood.. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, The Green Children of Woolpit: Legendary Visitors from Another World, Medieval Sea Monster Was Likely a Whale, New Research Reveals. Subscribe to the CompellingTruth.org Newsletter: Asherah (also Ashtoreth or Astarte, though there may have been a distinction) was the primary goddess worshiped by the ancient Canaanites and neighboring peoples, including the Philistines (1 Samuel 31:10). The good kings took them out of Israelite worship, and the wicked kings either erected them or continued the worship of these idols unabated. The relation of the literary references to an asherah and archaeological finds of Judaean pillar-figurines has engendered a literature of debate. Either way, God made it clear that the people of Israel shouldnt flirt with such syncretism. In Exodus 34:12-14 the Asherim are specifically mentioned as needing to be cut down once the Israelites enter the land, so as not to make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land and begin worshipping their gods. Dig into the illuminating world of the Bible with a BAS All-Access membership. Author: www.crosswalk.com Post date: 26 yesterday Rating: 3 (1036 reviews) Highest rating: 4 Low rated: 2 Summary: Would the Israelites have known of this worship before entering the Canaanite areas? Asherah is represented many times in various forms scattered throughout the region. Archaeological discoveries from the late 1970s and early 1980s have further indicated that, at least in the opinion of some ancient Israelites, YHWH and Asherah were appropriately worshipped as a pair. The Moora Mystery: What Happened When a Girl Stepped into the Moor 2,500 Years Ago? The account of the visitation by angels at the terebinth of Mamre (cult shrine centered on a sacred tree) has its parallel in the Tale of Aquat, who like Isaac, was blessed by a divine entity. The Bereans "received the word with all readiness, and searched the Scriptures daily to find out whether these things were so" (Acts 17:10-11). You can find out more and change our default settings with Cookies Settings. This is stretching it a bit. Women in Scripture. 10 Reasons God Might Not Be Blessing Your Life, Inspiring Mother Breaks Down after Earning Golden Buzzer with Celine Dion Hit, 7 Things that Will Keep Me from Coming Back to Your Church, 6 Truths about Jesus Coming into the World, 9 Christians You Don't Want to Sit Beside on Sunday Morning, 10 Things You Should Know about the Intermediate State of Death, 'You Raise Me Up' Duet Earns A Standing Ovation From The Judges, 7 Things I Would Do Differently if I Were Raising My Children Again. ). He (Abraham) saw a light radiating from the cave, so there he prayed, and there the blessed Holy One spoke with him. At this point it is important to make a distinction between the book religion of the ruling classes in the metropolis and folk or popular religion as it was practiced in rural communities for which most Israelites were a part. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. According to The Bible, an image of Asherah stood in the Temple in Jerusalem for about two-thirds of its existence. The wonderful possession I have reserved for you will slip from your hands. Journal What does asherah pole mean? I will tell your enemies to take you as captives to a foreign land. WebAsherah is identified as the consort of the Sumerian god Anu, and Ugaritic El, [7] the oldest deities of their respective pantheons. In their minds, they thought it did not make any difference; it was not hurting anyone. How do we know? Therefore, Asherah worship often took place in forested areas, under a tree, or in an area marked by a carved "Asherah pole," such as the one made by the evil King Manasseh ( 2 Kings 21:7 ). Yet despite these and other references associating Asherah with apostasy (for example, Exod 34:13; Deut 7:5; 12:3; Judg 3:7; 1 Kgs 18:19), and despite the fact that the Israelites are explicitly forbidden in Deut 16:21 to erect one of Asherahs sacred poles beside an altar of YHWH, there are multiple indications in biblical tradition that many in ancient Israel did regard Asherahs cult icon as an appropriate sacred symbol within the religion of YHWH. (AT, JB) Others have not endeavored to make a distinction but have simply transliterated the Hebrew word (RS) or have consistently translated it sacred pole(s). (NW) In the older translations of the Bible, the Hebrew word has usually been rendered as grove(s). (KJ, Le) But this rendering is inappropriate in such texts as Judges 3:7 and 2Kings 23:6 (KJ), which speak of serving groves and bringing out the grove from the temple at Jerusalem. I think Ashera was all of the above: A goddess (in Ugarit it was the proper name of a specific goddess); A title for goddesses (such as the great goddess, the queen goddess or the spouse of the god X or Y); And, of course, a Cult Symbol such as a sacred tree, or a pole in a shape of a tree, or even a Menorah in a shape of a tree which stood in temples, and symbolized (at least originally, in the earlier days), the presence of these goddess in the worship sites, The suffix in the form of affiliation modifier ( = his Asherah) which is found in the inscriptions from Kuntillet Ajrud and Khirbet el-Qom, and which, in Hebrew, is typical for nouns and not for proper names, may refer to either a still cult object (in the form of a noun), or to a title of a goddess (then Yahweh and his Asherah might mean Yahweh and his queen-goddess) As for the suffix in the plural form which we find the Bible this is typical to the manner in which the Bible refers to other gods too, such as Baal (we find the form Bealim which means Baals) and Aashtoret (we find the form Ashtarot which means Ashtarots). I can go to the Temple and look like I'm really somebody in the community. I am reading aerato lamo assuming: (a) an original r got corrupted to d (see Cross-Freedman ibid. Probably orange. Judah was punished for the sin of idol worship: Jeremiah 17:14The sin of Judah is inscribed with an iron chiselengraved with a diamond point on their stony hearts and on the corners of their altars.
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