The formal rejection of Jesus by the Jews, as a nation, marked the close of their last opportunity as the special agents of God for the salvation of the world. The older generation place him in the 9th century B.C., whereas most commentators are now inclined to assign him either to the time of King Josiah or to the postexilic period. (chapter 5:14), after which he was recalled to Persia. I will call them my people, which were not my people (Romans 9:25, 26). Quiz #6 Flashcards The present-day return of the Jews to Palestine and the establishment of the modern state of Israel do not imply reinstatement as Gods people, present or future. Jeremiah According to this view, Jeremiah said, in effect, that Jerusalem would be deserted for about 70 years, about the length of a persons life. The profound conviction that the messages of the prophets had been fulfilled led many to believe in Christ as the Son of God. To pray by faith for God to fulfill His promises, we must be obedient to Gods difficult commands. Gedaliah is made governor over the small group of Jews that remain in Jerusalem. Jeremiahs prayer occurs in a context and we would be remiss to consider the prayer apart from that context, which is, Jeremiahs obedience to some very difficult commands from God. The Prophets: Who They Were, What They Are - zoboko.com Who was Isaiah in the Bible In contrast to Isaiah and others, Jeremiah provided more detail about himself in his book than any of the other prophets. 4. Jeremiah The glorious promises originally made to literal Israel are meeting their fulfillment today in the proclamation of the gospel to all men (Revelation 14:6, 7). By divine appointment the sacred writings were preserved, century after century, and Israel became their custodian (Amos 3:7; Romans 3:1, 2). The prophetess Huldah was a relative and contemporary of Jeremiah Isaiah Daniel was taken to Babylon in 605 B.C., during the accession year of Nebuchadnezzar (see on chapter 1:1). Israel would reply, Accept our God as your God, love and serve Him as we do, and He will do the same for you. The blessings thus assured Israel were, on the same conditions and in the same degree, assured to every nation and to every individual under the broad heavens see Acts 10:34, 35; 15:7-9; Romans 10:12, 13; etc.). All the visions of Daniel recorded in chapters 7-12 were received during the last years of his life, the first one (chapter 7) in Belshazzars 1st year (552 or possibly later), and the last one (chapters 10-12) in the 3rd year of Cyrus, 536/35 B.C. Jeremiah 32:17 highlights this point by stating, "O Sovereign Lord! They were to show forth His praise (chapter 43:21), to declare His glory among the heathen (chapter 66:19), to be a light to the Gentiles (chapters 49:6; 42:6, 7). Most of them are mentioned in the Bible, in either the prophetic or the historical books. The state was still to be administered in the name, and by the authority, of God. In the prophetic picture God is represented as gathering the nations to Jerusalem (Joel 3:1, 2; Zephaniah 3:6-8; cf. Without this, the many advantages would only result in harm to themselves and to others. The following discussion sets forth the principles of interpretation described under 5, and followed by this commentary, together with the scriptural basis on which these principles rest. Superior craftsmanship. Did Isaiah It ignores the plain statements of the Old Testament that Gods promises to Israel were all conditional. He was therefore a somewhat younger contemporary of Isaiah, to whose vocabulary and terminology his prophecies show great similarity (Micah 4:1-4; cf. WebJer 31:34. Both of these extreme methods wrest the obvious intent of the Scriptures and render a sound understanding of the messages of the prophets for the church today unattainable. God entered into solemn covenant relationship with him (Genesis 15:18; 17:2-7), and his posterity, Israel, inherited the sacred trust of being Gods chosen representatives on earth (Hebrews 11:9) for the salvation of the entire human race. But to go beyond that which is clearly set forth by Inspirationin the immediate context of the passage concerned, in the New Testament, or in the Spirit of prophecyis to substitute personal opinion for a plain Thus saith the Lord. Where Inspiration has not thus clearly spoken it is our privilege to compare scripture with scripture in an endeavor to understand more perfectly the mind of the Spirit. But he will listen also for the further import the prophets words may have for later times, particularly, our time. It was ordained of God to meet the needs of His people at the time it was given and to remind them of the glorious destiny that awaited them as a nation, of the coming of the Messiah, and of the establishment of His eternal kingdom. These are followed by chapters 7, 8, 9, 10. He had told them that He would progressively diminish their strength and honor as a nation until they should all be carried away into captivity (Deuteronomy 28:15-68; 2 Chronicles 36:16, 17). Many messages and prophecies can be understood correctly only if seen against the background of the time in which the prophets ministered and in the light of the events that happened during their lives. Gods call to the nations would have been, Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth (Isaiah 45:22). Furthermore, the rise of the Chaldeans and their invasion of the West is predicted, but this seemed at that time completely incredible (chapter 1:5-7). Jerusalem would have become a great missionary center, and the earth would have been set ablaze with the light of truth in one grand, final appeal to those who had not as yet accepted the invitation of divine mercy. The day, before, He had called it my house (chapter 21:13), but henceforth He no longer owned it as His. Most of them left chronological data by which the duration of their ministry can be determined, at least approximately. However, that earthquake must have been very severe, for the memory of it was still fresh in the minds of people who lived 250 years later, as Zechariah 14:5 shows. Even to the time of the fall of Jerusalem, Jeremiahs message remained the same: submit to the yoke of Babylonia. Isaiah Jeremiah had been chosen by God for his office before birth (chapter 1:5), and was called to be a prophet at a tender age (chapter 1:6, 7). According to His beneficent purpose, the covenant promises were to have met fulfillment in large measure during the centuries following the return of the Israelites from the lands of their captivity. and Jeremiah Jeremiah 1:7 But the LORD told me: "Do not say, 'I am only a child.' He purposed to make them an honor to His name and a blessing to the nations about them. All Israel consists of both Jews and Gentiles, thus all Israel shall be saved (Romans 11:25, 26). Nothing is impossible with God. At the time of the Babylonian captivity God had specifically announced that that experience was not to mark a full end of Israel as Gods people (Jeremiah 4:27; 5:18; 46:28). For a short time during his reign Assyria turned from its polytheistic religion to a kind of monotheistic Nabu worship. When the Jews rejected Christ as the Messiah, God in turn rejected them and commissioned the Christian church as His chosen instrument for the salvation of the world (Matthew 28:19, 20; 2 Corinthians 5:18-20; 1 Peter 2:9, 10; etc.). Jeremiah lived afterwards during a time leading up to the carrying away of the southern two tribes of Judah into bondage in Babylon. In Egypt, Jeremiah raised his voice against the idolatries the Jews practiced there (chapters 43; 44). When they brought forth wild grapes instead of the mature fruit of character, He inquired, What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? (Isaiah 5:1-7). WebISAIAH, DANIEL, AND ZECHARIAH We need to make a comparison between the three prophets, Isaiah, Daniel, and Zechariah, in two matters: in Gods economy toward His chosen people and in Christ for the people of His concern. After the great final call to the world to acknowledge the true God, those who persisted in refusing allegiance to Him would unite together with the evil thought of laying siege to the city of Jerusalem and taking it by force of arms, in order to appropriate to themselves the material advantages with which God had blessed His people (Ezekiel 38:8-12; Jeremiah 25:32; Joel 3:1, 12; Zechariah 12:2-9; 14:2; cf. There, he spent an unknown number of years before his return to Judea and his discovery of the abuses described in chapter 13. The gates of Jerusalem would be open continually to receive the wealth contributed to Israel for the conversion of still other nations and peoples (Isaiah 60:1-11, RSV; Psalms 72:10; Isaiah 45:14; Haggai 2:7, RSV). Accordingly, Abraham became in a special sense the Friend of God (James 2:23) and the father of all them that believe (Romans 4:11). But with regards to how Jeremiah died, the Scriptures leave no record. Yet not In the inspired utterances of the prophets of old the sincere seeker for truth will thus find messages of inspiration, comfort, and guidance for today. 3:5). WebLast time you checked the cover of your family Bible, it probably didnt say The Bible, by God. since nearly all are named and credit given to a specific writer: the book of Isaiah to Isaiah, the books of Jeremiah and Lamentations to Jeremiah, the book of Ezekiel to Ezekiel, and so on. Answer Isaiah's opening statement in the Book of Isaiah, that he lived during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, means that he actually lived in the eighth century BCE. All nations of earth were to share in the blessings so generously bestowed upon Israel. All that had been promised might yet come to pass if they would only love and serve Him (Zechariah 6:15; cf. But maybe it wasnt at that spot. Eventually, however, it became apparent that the Jews would never measure up to the standard God required of them, as Malachi makes evident (chapters 1:6, 12; 2:2, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17; 3:7, 13, 14). During the reign of Zedekiah, Judahs last king, Jeremiah was thrown into prison, being considered a traitor to his country (chapter 37:11-16) because he advised his people to surrender to the Babylonians. These promises of prosperity and a successful mission were to have met fulfillment in large measure during the centuries following the return of the Israelites from the lands of their captivity. Isaiah Post Exile c. 530 BC First view (and traditional one) is that Daniel was written immediately after the Babylonian exile ended and many Jews returned to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple. Between the return from Babylon and the rejection of the Messiah, Israel was to have its second and final opportunity as a nation to cooperate with the divine plan (see Jeremiah 12:14-17). Then Gabriel came to reassure him of the restoration of his people and the eventual coming of the Messiah (verses 24, 25). Ch 2: Israel Forsakes God Ch 3:6 Unfaithful Israel Ch 4:5 Disaster From the North Ch 5: Not One Is Upright Ch 6: Jerusalem Under Siege Jer 11 - 12 2, 4 Ch 11: The Covenant Is Broken; Plot Against At Mt. What archaeological evidence implies Isaiah was a unified book? They were doing no positive good; therefore they were doing incalculable harm, and their influence became a savor of death. Hence, the year 603 can be considered as the beginning of Daniels ministry as a prophet. When the siege of Jerusalem was temporarily lifted at the approach of an Egyptian force, Jeremiah started to leave Jerusalem to go to the land of the tribe of Benjamin. Nothing is known of the prophet Joel beyond the fact that he was the son of Pethuel (chapter 1:1). are longer and contain more pages and more chapters than the minor prophets). Having declined, thus, to surrender themselves to God as His agents for the salvation of the human race, the Jews, as a nation, became agents of Satan for the destruction of the race. WebWhat are the common divisions of Isaiah made by contemporary scholars? At the same time, He permitted the heathen nations to walk in their own ways (Acts 14:16), to furnish an example of what man can accomplish apart from Him. Encouraging Hezekiah and the people through his own trust in God, he was instrumental in saving Jerusalem. WebThe major prophets are Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, and the other twelve (Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi) are minor. Theoretically, the word minor signifies not lesser moral or religious or literary stature but only lesser length. (27-3) Ezekiel 25:3. Timeline of the Hebrew prophets 3. The material advantages that Israel enjoyed were designed to arrest the attention and catch the interest of the heathen, for whom the less obvious spiritual advantages had no natural attraction. Here Paul affirms that the rejection of the Jews did not mean that the promises of God had taken none effect (Romans 9:6), and explains immediately that they are to become effective through spiritual Israel. Unfortunately, Nehemiahs second term as governor cannot be dated, which fact makes it also somewhat difficult to date Malachi. 1:1, 6:1 - 8). It is thought that Isaiah and Micah lived at the same time and addressed different audiences. WebIsaiah, the first of the prophets considered "major," had an active ministry that centered in Jerusalem. There is no surer protection against the speculative vagaries of religious visionaries than a clear knowledge of the historical context of Scripture. But it is only against the background of the original historical context of the message that its meaning and value for us can be established with certainty. Psalms 68:31. Higher than the highest human thought can reach is Gods ideal for His children. The prophet Daniel later prayed for more understanding about Jeremiahs time prophecy. To this can be added the mention of Greeks (chapter 3:6), who hardly played a role in Near Eastern history earlier than the 7th century. Who Wrote the BibleGod, Men, or Both? Spiritual prosperity was to prepare the way for material prosperity. They are called minor prophets because their books are less in size (these books are all very small and contain few Human traditions came to be honored in place of the revealed will of God (see on Mark 7:6-9). For these reasons Daniels extended prophetic ministry can be dated approximately from 603 to 535 B.C. Note by whom it was spoken, to whom it was addressed, and the circumstances that called it forth. During the siege, reprobate Israelites would be slain by their foes (Zechariah 13:8; 14:2). These observations seem to place Zephaniah in the early years of Josiahs reign, perhaps about 630 B.C., as a contemporary of Habakkuk. 6566). The prophet Zephaniah traces his genealogy back to an important personage by the name of Hizkiah, probably King Hezekiah (the names are the same in Hebrew) of Judah. His work is characterized by skill in the use of language, a well-balanced syntax, and a lively and impressive poetry. 3. It is ever the privilege of those who witness the fulfillment of prophecy to remember and believe (John 13:19; 14:29; John 16:4). The Temple was apparently rebuilt, and sacrifices were regularly offered at the time of the prophets activity (chapter 1:7-10). answer. It is certain, however, that he lived and labored in the southern kingdom, and that his main prophecy dealt with Assyria in general and Nineveh in particular. Had Israel measured up to the noble ideal, all of the promises contingent upon obedience would long since have been fulfilled. From generation to generation these holy men of God (2 Peter 1:21) called Israel to repentance and righteousness and kept alive the Messianic hope. Before the Israelites entered the Promised Land, God warned them not to forget that the blessings they were to enjoy there if they cooperated with Him would come as divine gifts (see Deuteronomy 8:7-14), not primarily as the result of their own wisdom and skill (verses 17-19). Isaiah was a prophet for the kingdom of Judah, ca. When Gedaliah is assassinated, the Jews flee to Egypt and force Jeremiah to go with them. Christianity is a historical religion, and its inspired messages are anchored to the hills and valleys, the deserts and rivers, of the ancient world, and to literal men and women who once walked the earth. Remember that the record of Gods dealings with His people in ages past has been recorded for the benefit of all later generations to the end of time. Prophecies that Inspiration clearly applies to our day were designed of God to inspire us with patience, comfort, and the hope that all things foretold by these holy men of old will soon meet their final and complete fulfillment. Their own characters were to be progressively ennobled and elevated, and to reflect more and more perfectly the attributes of the perfect character of God (Deuteronomy 4:9; 28:1, 13, 14; 30:9, 10). Any idea that the return of the Jews to their ancestral home, that is, to the new state of Israel, may in any way be related to Bible prophecy is without valid scriptural foundation. Isaiah is reminded who the real king is. Micah, Hosea, and Jeremiah. In Isaiah WebIn Isaiah, we read about God's unbroken relationship with His people both the promise and its fulfillment in an ongoing pattern that's visible throughout history. For a graphic picture of how one nation would have responded to the irresistible appeal radiating from an Israel faithful to God, see Isaiah 19:18-22; cf. The various abuses rebuked by Malachi are mostly the same as those Nehemiah found when he returned to Jerusalem for his second term of governorship (Malachi 3:8, 9; cf. It is possible that he worked much longer, as part of chapters 9-14 may have been given at a much later time. However, all his messages were addressed to the northern nation. Accordingly, the book can probably be dated about 425 B.C. A clear understanding of these aspects of the problem is essential to the formulation of a valid procedure for interpreting the messages of the Old Testament prophets. In this case, he was an octogenarian. They voluntarily accepted God as their sovereign, and this constituted the nation a theocracy. At times they had an import, not only for the age in which the prophet lived, but also for a day far future; in other words, they had a dual application. Through Israel of old, God planned to provide the nations of earth with a living revelation of His own holy character and an exhibit of the glorious heights to which man can attain by cooperating with His infinite purposes. Joel 1:15; 2:1, 32) can hardly serve as evidence for either a late or an early date. All who have faith in Christ are one in Him, and, as a the spiritual seed of Abraham, are heirs according to the promise (Galatians 3:9, 28, 29). Although no chronological data are found in the book, certain statements permit a comparatively exact dating of Habakkuks prophecies. Holiness of character (Levites 19:2; see on Matthew 5:48). Ezekiel Micah states that his ministry fell in the time of the kings Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah (chapter 1:1). Beholding Israels righteousness (Isaiah 62:1, 2), the Gentiles would acknowledge them, that they are the seed which the Lord hath blessed (Isaiah 61:9, 10; cf. Jeremiah 49:14, 16), and Joel (Obadiah 15, 17; cf. 22 quart mirro pressure canner There is no god but He. The Temple is mentioned as still existing (chapter 2:20), which shows that the book was written before Nebuchadnezzars destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. Peter concurs, saying, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons, for in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him (Acts 10:34, 35; cf. This call came to him in the 13th year of King Josiah (chapters 1:2; 25:3), about 627. ), through the reigns of Jotham and Ahaz, to the end of King Hezekiah's rule in 686 (Isa. This form literally means that the stretching of the heavens was completed or finished some time ago. Nothing is known concerning the prophet Habakkuk beyond his name. Since Jothams sole reign began after the death of his father Uzziah in 740/39, the initial date for Micahs prophetic ministry should probably be placed after that date. In that day every one that is left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go up from year to year to worship the King, the Lord of hosts (Zechariah 14:16; cf. Old Testament Study. To their own question, What nation is there so great, who hath God so nigh unto them? the Gentiles would answer, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people (Deuteronomy 4:7, 6). Websummer | 4.2K views, 92 likes, 102 loves, 53 comments, 67 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from The Ramp: His presence is here, worship with us at Summer Ramp now!Welcome to Summer Ramp Upon His final departure from the sacred precincts of the Temple, Jesus said, Your house is left unto you desolate (Matthew 23:38). The response of the prophets is contrasted: Jeremiah is spontaneous and candid, while Ezekiel makes no spoken reply in the call narrative (pp. Isaiah In Israel, there was sometimes more than one prophet, and sometimes there were many prophets. Pride obscured their vision [see Luke 19:42]. WebA radical reinterpretation of the biblical prophets by one of America's most provocative critics reveals the eternal beauty of their language and the enduring resonance of their message. Answer Jeremiah was one of the major prophets of ancient Israel and a key figure in the Old Testament. They were to become a nation of intellectual geniuses, and feebleness of mind would eventually have been unknown among them. did WebIsaiah, Jeremiah, and Lamentations 82 cards. Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, however, did. Yet, since Gods purposes are immutable (Psalms 33:11; Prov. They eagerly sought the power of His kingdom, but were unwilling to be guided by its principles. Isaiah and Jeremiah answer. Unparalleled prosperity. National greatness. He probably died in the Nile country. While it is thus known that he began his work in 520 and continued until 518 B.C., the end of his prophetic ministry must be left open. Returning to their homelands, the Gentile ambassadors would counsel their fellow countrymen, Let us go speedily to pray before the Lord, and to seek the Lord (Zechariah 8:21, 22; cf. The success of Israel was to be based on and to include: 1. Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Daniel 1-39, 40-55, 55-66. It was therefore not alone unto themselves and to their contemporaries that the prophets ministered, but also to all sincere men and women of later generations (1 Peter 1:12). Any interpretation that fails to give these matters due consideration does violence to the Scriptures. Thus it was with Daniel, a bright example of what man may become, even in this life, if he will make God his strength and wisely improve the opportunities and privileges within his reach (see Daniel 1:8-20). Now it is spiritual Israel, in the past not a people but now the people of God, that are to shew forth the praises of the One who has called them out of darkness into his marvellous light (1 Peter 2:9, 10). Isaiah God placed His people in Palestine, the crossroads of the ancient world, and provided them with every facility for becoming the greatest nation on the face of the earth. After the murder of Gedaliah, the new governor of Judea, the Jews of Mizpah, fearing the revenge of Nebuchadnezzar, went to Egypt and took with them Jeremiah as well as his secretary Baruch (chapter 43:6). Jodi T. Religion. WebIsaiah's time, Babylonian exile, and return to exile 21 Q Where did Jeremiah live when he was called to be a prophet? For these reasons his ministry can be dated from about 755 (or earlier) to about 725 B.C. However, there is no valid reason why Malachi should not be considered a proper name. WebThese chapters in Ezekiel are similar to those in Isaiah and Jeremiah where prophetic burdens are pronounced on certain foreign nations (see Isaiah 1323; Jeremiah 4651). Unparalleled prosperity, both temporal and spiritual, was promised them as the reward for putting into practice the righteous and wise principles of heaven (Deuteronomy 4:6-9; 7:12-15; 28:1-14). Godlinessgodlikenessis the goal to be reached. The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. According to tradition, how was Isaiah killed? The prophet Jonah was a Galilean from Gath-hepher. In Jeremiah, we see evidence of God elevating humble men like Jeremiah to become leaders precisely when they are needed. Similarly, the ways in which God dealt with men in crises of the past are often cited as examples of the manner in which He will deal with all the world in the last day (see on Deuteronomy 18:15). The fundamental principle by which we can tell unerringly when any particular promise or prediction of the Old Testament made originally to literal Israel is to meet its fulfillment with respect to spiritual Israel iswhen a later inspired writer makes such an application of it. They devised different theologies to respond to the destruction of the Temple. However, when we read his Jeremiah's Seventy Years To the very last, Christ would have averted the doom of the Jewish nation if the people had received Him. Even the heathen would recognize the superiority of those who served and worshiped the living God. Owing to the failure of the Jews as Gods chosen people, many of the prophecies of the Old Testament, such as those affirming the worldwide mission of Israel and the ingathering of the Gentiles (see Genesis 12:3; Deuteronomy 4:6-8; Isaiah 2:2-5; 42:6; 49:6; 52:10; 56:6, 7; 60:1-3; 61:9; 62:2; Zechariah 2:11; 8:22, 23; etc. This situation fits best the time prior to the rise of the Chaldean Empire under Nabopolassar, who began to reign in 626/25 B.C., and who, with the Medes, was responsible for the destruction of Assyria. In fact, this procedure is responsible more than anything else for the fanciful interpretations that distinguish the teachings of certain religious groups. They would send messengers to Israel with the declaration, We will go with you: for we have heard that God is with you (Zechariah 8:23). As the nations of antiquity should behold Israels unprecedented progress, their attention and interest would be aroused. It is thought, furthermore, that his ministry fell in the years when the high priest Jehoiada acted as regent for the child king Joash (2 Kings 11:17 to 12:2), which fact would explain why the king is not mentioned anywhere in the book, while at the same time the Temple service flourished.
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