[46] Most lodges under the jurisdiction of the Grande Loge de France use these degrees,[47] as do a few of the lodges under the jurisdiction of the Grande Loge Nationale Franaise. The first Scottish Rite organization among African-Americans was the African Grand Council of 1820 in Philadelphia, which was referred to as a Council of Princes of Jerusalem. He met influential people who could help with his development of the steam engine - an invention which changed the world. Later copies of this Patent appear to have been embellished, probably by Morin, to improve his position over the high-degree lodges in the West Indies. The shocking legacy of the Dutch 'Hunger Winter', Why Alex Murdaugh was spared the death penalty, 'Trump or bust' - grassroots Republicans are still loyal. Elevation beyond that is by invitation only, and numbers are severely restricted.[66]. [73] Other members of the Supreme Council are called "Sovereign Grand Inspectors General" (S.G.I.G. They dont have a museum you can wander into., Cooper points to the Masonic symbols on one of the many historic documents in the lodges archive (Credit: Amanda Ruggeri). Prof Gerry Carruthers, from the University of Glasgow, said Burns could have gone to the lodge and been treated as an equal in a country where he and many other men did not have the vote. The Suprme Conseil des Isles d'Amrique (founded in 1802 by Grasse-Tilly and revived around 1810 by his father-in-law Delahogue, who had also returned from the United States) breathed new life into the Supreme Council for the 33rd Degree in France. 32 Masonic Symbols (& What They Mean) - MasonicFind A more likely story is that Freemasonrys early origins stem from medieval associations of tradesmen, similar to guilds. Not many people know that Freemasonry is as Scottish as tartan, whisky and shortbread. Earl Warren was an influential Supreme Court Chief Justice from 1953-1969. The Scottish Rite organisation is a little different in Canada, as are the Capitular and Cryptic systems (often mislabeled, as above, as the York Rite), while the Allied Masonic Degrees is quite different. Richmond, Va: Macoy Publ. [80] The Supreme Council of Louisiana determined to close its works and pass out of existence. That makes the sheer number of documents to wade through daunting. Each Valley has up to four Scottish Rite bodies, and each body confers a set of degrees. Orient of Alabama. The Scottish Rite confers about 33 degrees which vary in one form or the order depending on the Masonic jurisdiction. This accord was applied until 1814. 1995) Richmond, Va: Macoy Publ. [55] There is no international governing body aside for Le Droit Humain, which is an international order; all other Supreme Councils in each country is sovereign unto itself in its own jurisdiction. It is in some ways a bit bizarre when you think of the fact that we have written records, and therefore membership details, and all the plethora of stuff that goes with that, for almost 420 years of Scottish history, he said. Sarah H. Shepherd - Assistant Archivist - SCOTTISH RITE MASONIC MUSEUM We can see connections between lodges in different parts of Scotland talking to each other, communicating in different ways, travelling from one place to another, Cooper said. his purity, and black marble, to denote his untimely death. Take, for example, the earliest meeting records, usually considered to be the best evidence of a lodge having any real organisation. In 1641, Sir Robert Moray - a Scottish soldier, statesman, diplomat, judge, spy and natural philosopher - joined a stone masons' lodge and many consider this to be the moment when the freemasons began. Not so with stonemasons. However, there were no documented lodges of Freemasons on the continent during those years. In 1781, Hays made eight Deputy Inspectors General, four of whom were later important in the establishment of Scottish Rite Freemasonry in South Carolina: Da Costa returned to Charleston, South Carolina, where he established the "Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection" in February 1783. The York Rite is a collection of ten Masonic degrees and orders which are conferred in the United States under a trilateral system of governance consisting of Chapters, Councils, and . The Scottish Riteseeks to enrich the philosophy of the Symbolic Lodge in order to help good men become even . The Supreme Council has not legislated concerning titles or modes of address in subordinate bodies of the Scottish Rite. Hendrick Andriese Franken of Dutch origin, was most important in assisting Morin in spreading the degrees in the New World. After 46 months as a K.C.C.H. He was an outstanding orator and author. It was concerned Catholics would be asked to put their membership of the lodge above the Church. Difference Between Black Masons & White Masons - Synonym The following is a listing of the various versions of the Scottish Rite cap. It is separate and distinct from the other branch commonly referred to as the York. He was one of five Masonic Chief Justices: he served as the Grand Master of California for the Masons for one year,. "[77] Likewise, the Grand Commander of the Southern Jurisdiction, Moses Holbrook longed to "relinquish his responsibilities as Sovereign Grand Commander"[77] moving to the rural frontier of Florida to serve as a doctor. Masonic Rings - Custom, Gold, Silver, Diamond & More "There are quite possibly occasions where people have got together within freemasonry with the intent of doing that but that is not the purpose of the freemasons.". The Scottish Rite builds upon the ethical teachings and philosophy offered in the Craft (or Blue) Lodge, through dramatic presentation of the individual degrees. NEW ORLEANS: THE CORNERSTONE OF SCOTTISH RITE MASONRY IN THE - Issuu In the Scottish Rite the central authority is called a Supreme Council. "If you went to a place where you weren't known you had to have some kind of proof that you were able to work on a construction site.". [79] In the 1840s and 1850s, Judge James Foulhouze served as Grand Commander. Louisiana was granted statehood in 1812, and the Grand Lodge of Louisiana was constituted at that time. Philosophy: A Mason's word is good as gold anyplace in the world where a man's word still counts for something. That internationalism was on full display in the Grand Lodge of Scotlands museum, which is open to the public. The current ritual is based upon Pike's, but with some differences. Masonic Rites and Degrees Explained - Why the Scottish has 33 and the In 1869, he was a top leader in the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. (black - 32nd, red - KCCH, white - 33) For more information, please visit the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry website . harv error: no target: CITEREFRevue_"Points_de_vue_initiatiques"1980 (, harv error: no target: CITEREFDaniel_Ligou_et_al.2000 (, harv error: no target: CITEREFRiandey1989 (. Just six months later, in July 1599, the lodge of Marys Chapel in Edinburgh started to keep minutes, too. It derives its name from the place where it was first manufactured in the holy city of Fez, Morocco. [82] The Concordat was sent to Charleston on January 31, 1855, and signed on February 6, 1855, by Grand Commander John H. Honour, Lieutenant Grand Commander Charles M. Furman, and Grand Secretary General Albert G. Mackey. The Scottish Rite is one of the appendant bodies of Freemasonry that a Master Mason may join for further exposure to the principles of Freemasonry. This was the date of the "Union of 1867", when it merged with the competing Cerneau "Supreme Council" in New York. (Find out more in our recent story about the Knights Templar). The list of degrees for the Supreme Councils of Australia, England and Wales, and most other jurisdictions largely agrees with that of the Southern Jurisdiction of the U.S. New Orleans educator and Civil Rights activist George Longe was the head of this council for more than three decades. The Scottish Rite is one of the appendant bodies of Freemasonry that a Master Mason may join for further exposure to the principles of Freemasonry. These orders also represent the orders of Christian knighthood. Omega Grand Lodge of the State of New York, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 03:16. ", Mr Cooper says: "Freemasonry wanted to do something a bit bolder, something more emphatic, something you would remember to the day you died. black scottish rite masons. 981982. 374, E.R., Montreal, 1847. Freemasonry, the teachings and practices of the fraternal (men-only) order of Free and Accepted Masons, the largest worldwide secret societyan oath-bound society, often devoted to fellowship, moral discipline, and mutual assistance, that conceals at least some of its rituals, customs, or activities from the public (secret societies do not They dont have a public library. Scottish Rite Eagle Lapel Pin $5.95 Scottish Rite Banners $0.00 Pre-Order Custom-Mantles & Robes Scottish Rite 32 nd Degree Shirt Studs set of 5 $39.95 Add to Cart GOLD SCOTTISH RITE TIE TAC MST945T $209.80 Add to Cart GOLD SCOTTISH RITE TIE TAC HOM4317T $223.00 Add to Cart Scotish Rite Members Jewel Canada Scottish Rite 32nd degree Lapel Pin $5.95 Morin appointed him Deputy Grand Inspector General (DGIG) as one of his first acts after returning to the West Indies. In 1598, he sent these statutes out to every Scottish lodge in existence. It was stated, without support, that King Charles II (older brother and predecessor to James II) was made a Freemason in the Netherlands during the years of his exile (164960). Standard Scottish Rite Wings Down/Red Crown. In 2000 the Southern Jurisdiction revised its ritual. The committee of three consisted of Laffon de Ladbat, Samory, and Morel. Video, 'Trump or bust' - grassroots Republicans are still loyal, AOC under investigation for Met Gala dress, Alex Murdaugh jailed for life for double murder, Mother who killed her five children euthanised, Zoom boss Greg Tomb fired without cause, The children left behind in Cuba's exodus, Biden had skin cancer lesion removed - White House, US sues Exxon over nooses found at Louisiana plant. Home [www.aasrphasj.org] And what is more, we now know it was a national network. During this time, the Northern Jurisdiction consisted of John James Joseph Gourgas and Giles Fonda Yates who were "effective a Supreme Council of two people. Thus the highest ranking Scottish Rite officer in Ohio, is titled, "Deputy for Ohio", and so forth for each state. Model # 361933 Silver & Black Two Tone Masonic Band $29.95 $ 9.95. . Scottish Rite Masonic Museum & Library Blog [2][3] It is also concordant, in that some of its degrees relate to the degrees of Symbolic (Craft) Freemasonry. Compared to the Scottish capitals looming castle or eerie closes, it doesnt seem like a street with a secret. 49 at Covent Garden in 1736. PDF The Book of The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry. ), and each is the head of the AASR bodies in his respective Orient (or state). The fact that England can claim the first move towards national organisation through grand lodges, and that this was copied subsequently by Ireland (c 1725) and Scotland (1736), has led to many English Masonic historians simply taking it for granted that Freemasonry originated in England, which it then gave to the rest of the world, writes David Stevenson in his book The Origins of Freemasonry. On the contrary, Freemasons of Scottish Rite wear cufflinks with eagle's wings slanted upward. 2. Also a Sephardic Jew, he was by trade a merchant and auctioneer. In 1920 the freemasons was known as Scotland's conservative club for gentlemen and 54,000 joined its ranks that year. What is a Shriner and is he a Freemason? - Freemasonry Report Mr Rudland says: "We are using the teachings in freemasonry to make that individual a better person - going from a rough ashlar to a smooth ashlar. As far as we can tell, there are no administrative records from England dating from this time. But Scotlands true Masonic history, while forgotten by many for centuries, remains hidden in plain sight. They included instructions such as: "They shall be true to one another and live charitably together as becometh sworn brethren and companions of the Craft. This Patent, and the early minutes of the Lodge, are still extant and are in the archives of Supreme Council, Northern Jurisdiction. 5 out of 5 stars (1,180) Sale Price 98.39 . Some say Freemasonry is a cult with links to the Illuminati. in recognition of outstanding service. Degrees in the Scottish Rite have titles, similar as the standard degrees. These subordinate bodies are designed to allow Scottish Rite Freemasons to focus on specific lessons that the Scottish Rite condensed into four subgroups. They might labour there for months, even years. Chicago, IL: Masonic History Co. Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite Masonry, Prince Hall Affiliation This is a public building; weve got a website, a Facebook page, Twitter. The blindfolded new member has to pledge never to give away the secrets despite being given the "third degree" by his attackers. And, while they already had traditions, Schaw decided that they needed a more formalised structure one with by-laws covering everything from how apprenticeships worked to the promise that they would live charitably together as becomes sworn brethren. One fantastical theory goes back to the Knights Templar; after being crushed by King Philip of France in 1307, the story goes, some fled to Argyll in western Scotland, and remade themselves as a new organisation called the Freemasons. The American Civil War interrupted his work on the Scottish Rite rituals. Archives of the Supreme Council, 33, S.J., Washington, D.C. See photograph of the original Concordat in Carter and Harris, On February 4, 1859 Foulhouzes name was "erased from its [i.e., the Grand Orients] book of gold," and his patent was declared void and of no effect. See Action Taken by the Grand Orient of France and the Supreme Council of France in the Matter of the Foulhouze Supreme Council, 18589," in, International Order of the Rainbow for Girls, Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, United Grand Lodge of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, Scottish Rite Cathedral in Indianapolis, Indiana, "How to Join Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, S.J., U.S.A.", "A BRIEF HISTORY OF LODGE MOTHER KILWINNING No. The ability of masons to secretly identify each other has led to accusations of them excluding those who are not part of the society. Degrees of Freemasonry. The System of Degrees | The Scottish Rite Explore this article ", Scottish Rite, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction website: Frequently asked questions, "DEGREES OF THE ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE OF FREEMASONRY OF CANADA (Excerpts from the Statutes and Regulations of the Supreme Council 33 of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry of Canada)", "Scottish Rite, NMJ | Council of Prices of Jerusalem Degrees |", "Scottish Rite, NMJ | Chapter of Rose Croix Degrees | Scottish Rite,", "Scottish Rite, NMJ | Consistory Degrees", "Germania Lodge #46, GL of Louisiana, USA", "Tenth Manhattan Masonic District in the Grand Lodge of New York", https://www.freemasonsaustralia.org/masonic-orders/scottish-rite, "MASONIC AUTHORS The bad, the good and the ugly", "Our Valley Scottish Rite Temple, A.&A.S.R. Members of these societies utilize a number of forms of coded recognition. In the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, the bodies are the: Lodge of Perfection (4 - 14) Council of Princes of Jerusalem (15 - 16) Chapter of Rose Croix (17 - 18) Consistory (19 - 32) The Scottish Rite A Rite is a progressive series of degrees conferred by various Masonic organizations or bodies, each of which operates under the control of its own central authority. Source: CG. In the Northern Jurisdiction, there is a 46-month requirement for eligibility to receive the 33rd degree, and while there is a Meritorious Service Award (as well as a Distinguished Service Award), they are not required intermediate steps towards the 33. The Scottish rite includes the degrees 4 through 32, and its degrees are lessons taught through allegory in the forms of plays. But were still a secret society running the world! Alchemy influenced strongly various degrees that eventually became part of the Scottish Rite. Freemasonry "came out" at that time. [75] Each Valley has up to four Scottish Rite bodies, and each body confers a set of degrees. 1996). OFFICIAL YORK RITE BODIES. Prof Gerry Carruthers says the freemasons developed through the Scottish Enlightenment. But its also fruitful, like when the Grand Lodge got wind of the Aitchisons Haven minutes, which were going for auction in London in the late 1970s. Morin died in 1771 and was buried in Kingston. 32 Scottish Rite Freemasonry supplements and amplifies the teachings conferred in the symbolic lodge (also known as blue lodge). Can Nigeria's election result be overturned? St. Paul's, No. 2, which was founded in 1677 (Credit: Amanda Ruggeri). It was full of flotsam and jetsam from around the world: a green pennant embroidered with the District Grand Lodge of Scottish Freemasonry in North China; some 30 Masonic jewels or, to non-Masons, medals from Czechoslovakia alone. 135. CLICK ON GRAPHICS for OFFICIAL WEB SITES and CONSTITUENT BODIES. History of Scottish Rite Freemasonry, Prince Hall Affiliation Shortly after, lodges began to keep their first minutes. We even advertise things in the press. All regular Scottish Rite bodies today derive their heritage from this body. The mission of the United Supreme Council, 33 of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Prince Hall Affiliation, Southern Jurisdiction of the USA is to serve as the College of Freemasonry for aspiring Master Masons seeking more light in the Scottish Rite; thereby, enhancing the knowledge base, providing the moral teachings of the Rite and enriching the brotherhood experience . Today, there remain African-American Lodges practicing Freemasonry. Massicott (resigned December 3, 1853),[86] declared the Sup. Masons and the Railroad - Trainorders.com Discussion Subsequently, other Supreme Councils were formed in Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) in 1802, in France in 1804, in Italy in 1805, and in Spain in 1811. He was a Major in the Continental Army and a printer by trade. Your Masonic journey doesn't need to end at the Blue Lodge. The Jesuit College was located at Clermont, whereas the Masonic Chapter was not. Be a Freemason | The Family of Freemasonry Scottish Rite Masonic Rings - Etsy UK A chlamys was an ancient Greek type of rather short cloak, coming from Macedonia or Thessaly. How to Join/Membership Qualifications - Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, S For all of the tradesmen, having some sort of organisation was a way not only to make contacts, but also to pass on tricks of the trade and to keep outsiders out. [68] It is conferred on members who have made major contributions to society or to Masonry in general. The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry (the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction in the United States often omits the and, while the English Constitution in the United Kingdom omits the Scottish ), commonly known as simply the Scottish Rite (or, in England and Australia, as the Rose Croix [1 . The Grand Lodge of Louisiana and Scottish Freemasonry - NOLA History Guy Choose an option Black Navy Purple Red Royal. Others believe it to be a global network thats had a secret hand in everything from the design of the US dollar bill to the French Revolution. The original Supreme Council of France fell dormant from 1815 to 1821.[59]. "I can tell you, it didn't work," he says. This revision, which Mackey dubbed the "Magnum Opus", was never adopted by the Supreme Council. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 1996). Today, numbers are dwindling with just 2,000 a year joining. Brother Ewan Rutherford, of the Sir Robert Moray Lodge No. The thirty-three degrees of the Scottish Rite are conferred by several controlling bodies. There are two Lodges in Australia that practise the AASR Craft degrees, The Zetland Lodge of Australia No. Under his watch the Supreme Council of Louisiana tripled in size and expanded to other states. York Rite Vs Scottish Rite | Freemasons Community The Templar system is about the same in USA and Canada. Scottish Rite Rings | Bricks Masons But the buildings links to Masonry are tenuous. Members of the Freemasonry are proud of being a Freemason and what it stands for. These men had arrived as refugees from Saint-Domingue, where the slave revolution was underway that would establish Haiti as an independent republic in 1804. Other heads of the various Orients who are not members of the Supreme Council are called "Deputies of the Supreme Council". Colour Symbolism in Freemasonry The AASR craft degrees are more common in Europe and Latin-American jurisdictions. It was then taken back to New Orleans, likely by Mackey, and signed there on February 1617, 1855, by Grand Commander Charles Claiborne, Lieutenant Grand Commander Claude Samory, and Grand Secretary General Charles Laffon de Ladbat. There are 3 orders of the chivalric method that include - Order of Malta, Order of Red Cross, and the Order of Temple. The oldest minutes in the world, which date to January 1599, is from Lodge Aitchisons Haven in East Lothian, Scotland, which closed in 1852. When Comte de Grasse-Tilly returned to France in 1804, he worked to establish the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite there. In 1807 he published the first edition of. The number of masons in high-profile public positions was a controversial subject, with many viewing the secret society as a means of bestowing favours. I am twice over a Past Master of one of the two "local lodges to which I belong and am a past "body head" in the Scottish Rite Valley in whose jurisdiction I . Canada's Supreme Council office is located at 4 Queen Street South in Hamilton, Ontario. Coil, Henry W. (1961) Article: "Clermont, Chapter of", pg. The Grand Orient of France signed a treaty of union in December 1804 with the Supreme Council of the 33rd Degree in France; the treaty declared that "the Grand Orient united to itself"[58] the Supreme Council in France. The name originated from the oldest symbol in the ancient Sumerian city of Lagash. In England and some other countries, while the Scottish Rite is not accorded official recognition by the Grand Lodge, only a recognized Freemason may join and there is no prohibition against his doing so. Rather, it was named "Clermont" in honor of the French Grand Master, the Comte de Clermont (Louis de Bourbon, Comte de Clermont) (17091771), and not because of any connection with the Jesuit College of Clermont.[11]. Georgia Black Mainstream Mason Is Black Balled Again If only black-and-white ("b&w") sources are listed and you desire a copy showing color or tint (assuming the original has any), you can generally purchase a quality copy of the original in color by citing the Call Number listed above and . 32nd Degree Scottish Rite Masonic Polo Shirt. This oil painting at the Grand Lodge of Scotland shows Robert Burns inauguration at Lodge Canongate Kilwinning No. The masons grouped together into something like a trade union to protect the secrets of their craft and hand them on to the next generation. It said that it is been handed down through the ages. The Scottish Rite is one of the two dominant branches of Freemasonry in which a Master Mason may proceed. "Freemasonry was a great egalitarian platform," says the professor, who has never been a mason. A man named William Schaw was the Master of Works for King James VI of Scotland (later also James I of England), which meant he oversaw the construction and maintenance of the monarchs castles, palaces and other properties. Marys Chapel may only be open to fellow Freemasons, but its location is anything but a secret (Credit: Amanda Ruggeri). Consistory - Scottish Rite Valley of Providence Rhode Island Degrees of Freemasonry | Gnostic Warrior By Moe Bedard [12]:5 The Copiale cipher, dating from the 1740s[53] says, "The rank of a Scottish master is an entirely new invention"[54]. Statement of Unity Signing Brightens a September Day This Patent was signed by officials of the Grand Lodge at Paris and appears to have originally granted him power over the craft lodges only, and not over the high, or "cossais", degree lodges. A minimum of a two-year interval is required before continuing to the 30th degree, again with the intervening degrees awarded by name only. The statement may have been made to flatter the fraternity by claiming membership for a previous monarch. One Man Exposed the Secrets of the Freemasons. His - HISTORY They are real secret societies. Freemasonry, the teachings and practices of the secret fraternal order of Free and Accepted Masons, the largest worldwide secret society. Freemasonry has always been a men-only club in Scotland. They consist of the Entered Apprentice, Fellow-Craft, and . It did not return to New Orleans until the late 1790s, when French refugees from the revolution in Saint-Domingue settled in the city. The Founding Fathers of the Scottish Rite who attended became known as "The Eleven Gentlemen of Charleston". These are called Orders rather than degrees because of their nature of work. Jun 2022. One of the items on display at the Grand Lodge of Scotlands museum is its membership record with the signature of famed Freemason Robert Burns (Credit: Amanda Ruggeri). and some historians claim it dates back to about A.D. 980. [Lodges] were a fixed feature of the country. The curator of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, Robert Cooper, looks over the lodges museum (Credit: Amanda Ruggeri). Tall Cedars of Lebanon of NA National Sojouners Sword of Bunker Hill. "It's just a very old and peculiar way of emphasising the fact that you have entered an organisation that you are never going to renege on.". Masonic Supply Shop: Masonic Aprons, Masonic Regalia, & Masonic Supplies He was born in London in 1743, and immigrated to Charleston in 1771. What makes things confusing, is that there are two "appendent" organizations: the York Rite, and Scottish Right. All of these organisations were based on trades, said Cooper. Masonic Learning Centers for Children, Inc. Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Scottish Rite, Grand Landlodge of the Freemasons of Germany, Order of Royal and Select Masters (Anglo-European), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Rite&oldid=1140234527, Articles with dead external links from March 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [31] The current titles of the degrees and their arrangement in the Southern Jurisdiction remains substantially unchanged from the beginning. Untitled "Preamble & Resolution," dated November 18, 1854, in the handwriting of Charles Laffon-Ladbat. The Two-headed Masonic eagle is also known as the ' Eagle of Lagash .'. dates itself from May 15, 1867. The Lexington, Massachusetts-based Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, formed in 1813, oversees the bodies in fifteen states: Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Wisconsin and Vermont. Readers outside of the UK can see every BBC Britain story by heading to the Britain homepage; you also can see our latest stories by following us on Facebookand Twitter. It is used as a symbol of a completed alchemical process. Freemasonry's History of Racism Hiram refuses to tell them and is murdered. The success and spread of Masonic thought throughout Europe led the Catholic Church to first prohibit membership in 1738. Because of the confusion and close dates of the charters of Etoile Polaire and Perfect Union, both lodges are listed as "1" in the roll. He says that when he was transferred to the Black Isle in 1974 half the police section were active freemasons. The infamous Masonic handshake arose with a practical purpose, according to Mr Cooper.
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