deities associated with centipedes deities associated with centipedes

University of California Publications in American Archaeology, 227353. Lets look at some of the magical meanings behind butterflies. North Atlantic Books. Page 9. Global ICCA Database: Igmalengen sacred forests of Portulin, Mindanao, Philippines. Felipe Pardo, archbishop of Manila (1686-1688)Carta sobre la idolatria de los naturales de la provincia de Zambales, y de los del pueblo de Santo Tomas y otros circunvecinos. US-China Education Review B, May 2016, Vol. Nearly all cultures have some sort of spider mythology, and folktales about these crawly creatures abound! Image by James Hager/Robert Harding World Imagery/Getty Images. (2016). The Bontoc Igorot. The Mansaka. Jenks, A. Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016). Jean-Paul G. (2016). 1978. that might be UPG but Ive heard it pretty often. Work a caterpillar into your rituals. Large tropical centipedes feed on lizards, birds, bats, frogs, snakes, and mice. Page 82. Manila: Lahing Pilipino Pub. Learn Religions, Sep. 20, 2021, learnreligions.com/insect-magic-and-folklore-2562520. Your choices will not impact your visit. Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata (Insecta) to the T'boli of Lake Sebu, Mindanao, Philippines. Page 275. University of San Carlos Publications. All the same, I have been thinking about seeking out Netjeru with Whom I am unfamiliar or unacquainted and saying hello. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press. Much like a compass, the mantis can be associated with the four cardinal points of a compass. Lalahon: the goddess of fire, volcanoes, and the harvest; Santonilyo: a deity who brings rain when its image is immersed at sea; Magbibaya: a deity similar to the god Magbabaya of the Bukidnon, Rizal: a culture-hero who is said to return in favor of his people's struggle for genuine freedom; based on a historical person, Leon Kilat: a hero who is said will return to the people together with Rizal and Bonifacio in Cebu; based on a historical person, Pantaleon Villegas, Buhawi: also called Kano, a hero who will someday return to aid his people in their struggle in Negros; based on the historical person, Ponciano Elopre, Libo: the first child and son of Sicabay and Sicalac; was taken south after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a brown-skinned race, Saman: the first daughter and second child of Sicabay and Sicalac; was taken south after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a brown-skinned race, Pandaguan: a younger son of Sicabay and Sicalac; a clever man who invented the fish trap which caught a giant shark; father of Arion; challenged to overpower the gods, and was punished by zapping, Arion: son of Pandaguan who was taken north after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a white-skinned race, Son of Saman and Sicalac: was taken east after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a yellow-skinned race. Encyclopedia of Giants and Humanoids in Myth, Legend and Folklore. Because of this, it has long been the subject of magical folklore and legend in a variety of societies and cultures. Mckenzie, D. A. Lumicao-Lora, M. L. (1984). Its a rich artistic tradition, and its influence on Sekiro is clear. Rex Book Store, Inc. San Agustn, G. (1998). 6, No. Webmukade (, mukade) is a very large centipede-like yokai that lives in the mountains near Lake Biwa, Shiga Prefecture. Species listing, distribution, and molecular identification of macrofungi in six Aeta tribal communities in Central Luzon, Philippines. University of Santo Tomas., 2002. Limos, M. A. Oxford Research Group. It is yellow-ish gray and usually has no more than 15 pairs of legs. Ateneo de Manila University. English Translation published by University of Michigan. Dont laugh. The ancient Egyptians could see that insects attacked dead bodies, but centipedes fed on the insects and so they concluded that the centipedes protected the dead. Yabes, L. Y. A. Maragtas. Centipedes were seen following earthworms which improved the fertility of soil, leading to Sepas association with fertility. Page 26. (1987). National Historical Institute, 1993. Bulol: household divinities that are the souls of departed ancestors; Nabulul: spouse of Bugan; a god who possesses or lives in Bulul figures; guards the rice and make the rice harvest plentiful, Bugan: spouse of Nabulul; a goddess who possesses or lives in Bulul figures; guards the rice and make the rice harvest plentiful, Gatui: divinities associated with practical jokes, but have a malevolent side that feast on souls and cause miscarriages, Tagbayan: divinities associated with death that feast on human souls that are guarded by two headed monsters called kikilan, Imbayan: also called Lingayan; divinities who guide souls after they die, Himpugtan: an Imbayan divinity who can terminate those that displease him, Munduntug: divinities from the mountains who cause hunters to be lost. King Sinukwan Mythology and the Kapampangan Psyche. Its discovery is attributed to the Aztecs so you might look in that direction. In Our Islands, Our People: The Histories and Cultures of the Filipino Nation, edited by Cruz-Lucero, R. Clavel, L. S. (1972). Cawed, C. (1972). San Buenaventura, Fr. Lapulapu: a ruler of Mactan who is valorous, strong, and noble, as well as driven and fearless especially in times of armed conflict; in one account, he is also a mangatang (pirate); bested Humabon in politics, trade, and ocean territory in most accounts, while in one account, Humabon managed to overcome Lapulapu; Humabon: a ruler of Sugbo who is cautious and highly respected, but also brave and courageous especially in times of armed conflict; a verified historical person, Sri Lumay Bataugong: the legendary founder of Sugbo who was said to have come from Sumatra, Bulakna: wife of Lapulapu; in other epics, Lapulapu instead has three wives and eleven children, Zula: a ruler that Lapulapu had an enmity with due to both ruler's affection towards Bulakna. Native races and their customs. New Day Publishers. Lulu.com, 2016. Press. (2006). Lach, Donald Frederick (1968).Southeast Asia in the Eyes of Europe: The Sixteenth Century. University of San Carlos Publications. Cajetas-Saranza, R. (2016). Boquet, Y. Asian Studies, Volumes 21-30. Quezon City, Philippines: Ateneo de Manila University Press. San Antonio, Juan Francisco de (1738). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. University of San Carlos Publications. Asiaweek, Volume 12, Issues 1-13. Ilongot Life and Legends. Webcoppell city council members. Malay, P. C. (1957). Catholic Anthropologist Conference. SPAFA Digest. The Deities of the Animistic Religion of Mayaoyao, Ifugao. A Study of Bagobo Ceremonial Magic and Myth . Watch a caterpillar, inching along. Origin Myth of the Manuvu. The native peoples and their customs. Lulu.com, 2013. This is a wide concept that can be used to describe the spirits of deceased loved ones, gods of Japanese mythology, animal spirits and even the deities of other religions such as Buddha or Bodhisattvas.There are said to be eight million kami () which is a number traditionally used to express infinity in Japan. Magos, Alicia P. 1978. Hart D. V., Hart H. C. (1966). That means I feel pretty good about offering meats and/or cheeses to Sepa, but not fruits, and not really sweets (which are frequently grain-based). Manila: Bureau of Printing. Hedgehogs: Hedgehogs are symbolic of good fortune, especially if you meet one going in the opposite direction. Philippine Studies Vol. Ateneo de Manila University. The Journal of American Folklore. Mansaka Forms of Oral Literature. Readings in Philippine Literature. Stacey, N. (2007). Most centipedes are primarily carnivorous and only eat vegetable matter when starving, but are otherwise opportunistic feeders. Fundacin Santiago, 1995. However, once you overlook the post-coital cannibalism of the praying mantis (which seems to happen mostly in a laboratory setting), they are also connected with finding ones way. Cawed, C. (1972). Posted by ; alice collins trousers; Schebesta, P. (1952). Philippine Folk Literature: The Myths Issue 2 of Philippine folk literature series. Diccionario mitologico de Filipinas. 4, Special Issue: Cebuano Literary Studies: Double Marginalization and Speaking Back: A Reading of Three Post-Colonial Texts. It is also a contemporary Hindu name used in many parts of India. Aring Sinukan: sun god of war and death, taught the early inhabitants the industry of metallurgy, wood cutting, rice culture and even waging war; Mingan: a deity who rules with Sinukuan over Arayat, also called Kalaya and Alaya, Apolaqui: sun god who battled his sister, Mayari, Mayari: the moon goddess who battled her brother, Apolaqui, Apng Malyari: moon god who lives in Mt. Webmichael carmine longtime companion; lyon college salaries. Ibalon: Tatlong Bayani ng Epikong Bicol. The plants are in full bloom at this time of the spring, and the bees take full advantage, buzzing back and forth, carrying pollen from one blossom to another. In some modern Pagan traditions, animal symbolism is incorporated into magical belief and practice. Isneg Tales. Noceda, Juan Jos de & Sanlucar, Pedro de (1754). Rahmann, R. (1974). Southeast of Zamboanga. de el Renacimiento, 1909. Thomson Reuters Foundation News. San Agustin Museum. Page 12. Let's look at some of the ways people have incorporated insects into their magical practice throughout the ages, as well as specific insects and their folklore and legends. Journal of American Folklore, pp. Blumentritt, Ferdinand (1895). (I have a strange sense of what constitutes a good idea.). Wigington, Patti. Dancing with the ghosts of the sea: Experiencing the Pagkanduli ritual of the Sama Dilaut (Bajau Laut) in Sikulan, Tawi-Tawi, Southern Philippines. Coolabah, 3. "'Women are not brave enough' Semelai male midwives in the context of Southeast Asian cultures". Barton, R. F. (1955, December). WebKnown as The Centipede of Horus , he does a similar job to Khepri the Scarab, but with more legs. There are over a hundred distinct pantheons in the Philippines. Bran is the Lord who owns the Cauldron of Regeneration. Bees have been the subject of myth and lore for ages. Madrid, 1663. Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Cultural Center of the Philippines. CABI. Page 361. Beljan: the spirits of all beljan (shamans); able to travel to the vertical universe, divided into fourteen different layers, in order to heal the world and to re-establish cosmic balance; Lenggam: demon-like beings of the forest who act as the caretakers of poisonous and biting animals such as scorpions and snakes; Linamin at Barat: the lady-goddess of the monsoon winds, Linamin at Bulag: the lady-goddess of the dry season, Upu Kuyaw: the grandfather god of thunder, Maguimba: the god in the remotests times, lived among the people, having been summoned by a powerful babaylan (shaman); provided all the necessities of life, as well as all cures for illnesses; has the power to bring the dead back to life, Diwata: a benevolent god who provides for the needs of women and men, and gives out rewards for good deeds, Angoro: a deity who lives in Basad, a place beyond this world, where the souls find out whether they will enter the heavens called Lampanag, or be cast into the depths of Basad, Balungbunganin: spirit of the almaciga trees, Esa: an ancestor whose movements created the landscapes, which he named during a hunting journey with his dogs, who were after wild pigs, Baybay: the goddess and master of rice who originated from Gunay Gunay, the edge of the universe; married to Ungaw, Ungaw: the god and master of bees who originated from Gunay Gunay, the edge of the universe; married to Baybay, Panyaen: mystic entities who control certain wild trees and various animals. Maka-andog: A Reconstructed Myth from Eastern Samar, Philippines. Likewise, some sites suggest that part of Sepas protective role, especially in regards to protecting Wesir, is due to the fact that centipedes will eat the bugs that feast on a dead body. 5, No. You can find out more and change our default settings with Cookies Settings. Manila. Philippines' tribes take home lessons. U.P. 1986. Marino (1981). University of San Carlos Publications. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, XXV. Numbers and Units in Old Tagalog. Garvan, J. M. (1931). POTET, Jean-Paul G. (2016). Some centipedes glow in the dark (like the Geophilus electricus). Hares: If a hare crosses your path, it's bad luck. Page 33-34, 113. Shamanism and Everyday Life. WebThe mayura named Citramekhala is associated with Saraswati, a deity representing benevolence, patience, kindness, compassion and knowledge. Ethnography of the Bikol People. They are: The last three are theSantisima Trinidad, to whom the, Rawtit: the ancient and gigantic matriarch who wields a huge knife, wears a lycra, and has magical power to leap miles in one bound; she brings peace to the forest and all its inhabitants, Quadruple Deities: the four childless naked deities, composed of two gods who come from the sun and two goddesses who come from the upper part of the river; summoned using the paragayan or diolang plates, Sayum-ay and Manggat: the ancestral ancient couple who named all trees, animals, lakes, rocks, and spirits, Labang: evil spirits which manifests in animal forms whose bites are fatal, as the bite marks on humans can become channels for bad spirits, Lahi: spirits which are potential allies and protectors against the Labang, Malawan: spirits that live in the springs in the deep forest, Taw Gubat: jungle men who live deep in the forest, Bulaw: those who live in mountain peaks; depicted as shooting stars because they fly from one peak to another and lights its way with a torch made from human bone, Bulang: a man who got stuck underwater during a torrential rain, resulting to his body become a rock called Bato Bulang; his rock serves as a stopper to a hole beneath it at the Binagaw river, where if it is to be removed, the whole area will be submerged in water, Mahal na Makaako: the supreme deity who gave life to all human beings merely by gazing at them, Binayo: owner of a garden where all spirits rest, Binayi: a sacred female spirit who is the caretaker of the Kalag Paray; married to Balingabong, Balungabong: spirit who is aided by 12 fierce dogs; erring souls are chased by these dogs and are eventually drowned in a cauldron of boiling water; married to Binayi, Kalag Paray: rice spirits; appeased to ensure a bountiful harvest, Labang: evil spirits who can take the form of animals and humans, Daniw: spirit residing in the stone cared for by the healers, Anay and Apog: the only two humans who survived the great flood which killed every other human; lived on top of Mount Naapog, Inabay: wife of Amalahi; met a ghoul, who she requested betel nuts to chew on, as per custom; later turned into a ghoul due to the ghoul's betel nuts, Amalahi: husband of Inabay; killed by his wife, who had turned into a ghoul, Daga-daga: eldest child of Inabay and Amalahi; sister of Palyos; called on the help of the Timawa to escape from her mother, and took care of her child brother in the forest, Palyos: younger child of Ibanay and Amalahi; brother of Daga-daga; befriended a wild chicken who he became friends with until he became tall; eventually, his friend chicken left the world of the living, leaving on its two wings, which when Palyos planted, sprouted and fruited rice, clothing, beads, and many others, which he and his sister shared with others, Timawa: the elves who aided the child Daga-daga and her small brother Palyos to escape from their mother, Inabay, who had turned into a ghoul, Amalahi: a grinning man who tricked the giant Amamangan and his family, which led to their death, Amamangan: a giant whose entire family were tricked by Amalahi, leading to death, Daldali: the fast one, who is always in a hurry, which usually results into deplorable things; cousin of Malway-malway, Malway-malway: the slow one, whose acts are normal and proper; cousin of Daldali, Monkey and Crocodile: two characters where Monkey always outwits. Pedro de(1613). 3: The Myth of the Sleeping Hero: Three Philippine Cases. Filipino Heritage, I, 15. University of San Carlos. Maranaw: Dwellers of the Lake. They are often depicted with dragon-like features. University of San Carlos Publications. Blair, Helen Emma & Robetson, James Alexander. University of Manila Journal of East Asiatic Studies, Volumes 5-6. In Asian folklore, especially in that of the Vedda of Sri Lanka the peacock deserves a charm of praise since this bird kills centipedes and snakes.[3]. Manila: Impr. Sepa is considered to be a protector against poisonous bites and stings, which is a common attribute among deities of venomous creatures, including scorpions (Serqet) and snakes (Wadjet and others). Santiago, Luciano P. R. (2005). Historical Conservation Society. Priestly agents of the environmental gods: The following six spirits do not receive any other office. Blumentritt, Ferdinand (1895). NewCAPP (2014). WebThe following is a list of gods, goddesses, deities, and many other divine, semi-divine, and important figures from classical Philippine mythology and indigenous Philippine folk religions collectively referred to as Anito, whose expansive stories span from a hundred years ago to presumably thousands of years from modern times.The list does not include creatures; Indigenous Peoples and Community Conserved Areas and Territories Consortium. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Global Environment Facility, and UNDP. Thank you for the information and for spending a bit of time with this Name who likely gets overlooked much of the time. list of Philippine mythological creatures, Kapampangan lunar goddess of the same name, "Applicability and importance of Carakas concept of Aaturaparijnana Hetawah in understanding a patient", "Critical review on Bhaishajya Kaala (time of drug administration) in Ayurveda", History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia, Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities, Visa requirements for Philippine citizens, Indian loanwords in various Filipino languages, Influence of Indian languages on Tagalog language, Sanskrit language loanwords in Tagalog language, Tamil language loanwords in Tagalog language, Sanskrit language loanwords in Cebuano language, Sampaguita Filipino national flower is named from Indian sanskrit Champaka, Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India, Business process outsourcing in the Philippines, Pre-Spanish Indian traditions of Philippines, National Assembly of the Philippines Hall, Kudyapi guitar influenced by the Indian classical music, Filipino martial arts inspired by the Indian martial arts, Alim and Hudhud of Ifugao based on Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta, Hudhud - the Ifugao epic based on the Indian epic Mahabharta, Biag ni Lam-ang Ilocano epic based on the Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta, Ibalong epic of Bicol based on Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharta, Darangen epic of Maranao people based on Indian epics Ramayana, Dr. Leticia Ramos-Shahani - sister of former President Fidel Ramos is married to an Indian, Janina San Miguel (Binibining Pilipinas 2008), Parul Shah (Binibining Pilipinas Tourism 2014), Dr. Josephine Acosta Pasricha (Indologist), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Philippine_mythological_figures&oldid=1135463728, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Philippine History. Carte [] sobre la idolatria de los naturales de la provincia de Zambales, y de los del pueblo de Santo Tomas y otros cicunvecinos []. Hart D. V., Hart H. C. (1966). Smith, Elder & Company, 1859. vii. Journal of International Development and Cooperation of Hiroshima University. She is the author of Daily Spellbook for the Good Witch, Wicca Practical Magic and The Daily Spell Journal. Sepa was usually represented as a mummy with the two antenna (or horns) of a centipede. Garcia, J. N. C. (2008). Sepa was sometimes given the head of a donkey (possibly to reflect the fact that donkey manure was used to improve the fertility of soil). Women in Philippine Folktales. Myths of the Philippines; Gaverza, J.K., 2014, University of the Philippines Diliman. Picardal Jr., E. B. 1: The Lumawig Bontoc Myths. Reyes y Florentino, Isabelo de los (1909). 122123. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Cole, F. C. (1956). Springer. Wisdom from a Rainforest: The Spiritual Journey of an Anthropologist. Apayao Life and Legends. Far Eastern University (1967). Retrieved from https://www.learnreligions.com/insect-magic-and-folklore-2562520. World History Encyclopedia. An old Arabic folktale tells of the mantis pointing towards Mecca, and early French stories indicate that a lost child could find its way home by following the directions of a praying mantis. Thanks to Valentine's Day, many gods and goddesses of love and fertility are honored at this time. 49, No. Centipedes tend to be nocturnal, which means approaching Sepa after dark is not only a-okay but potentially downright preferential. opyright 2012-2013 Emky (Ty Barbary). Tangan, L. (2011). Scott, William Henry (1994). Marsden, William (1784). "Western Visayan Verbal Lore." The Philippines: A Unique Nation. Weblake baikal shipwrecks / mazda cx 5 vehicle system malfunction reset / deities associated with centipedes. Magaa, A. S. (1975). Centipedes freak me right the hell out, so why not start with their god? Asian Folklore Studies. XIV. Cayat, G. C. Manuscript on Kalanguya Cultural Communities. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The University of the Philippines Press. Nabaloi Tales. The University of Chicago Press. Cachos Hermanos, 1605. Filipino Heritage, II. Pardo, F. (16861688). I invited Him in to partake of the food and drink and spent most of the time in shrine contemplating what little I had learned of Him and what other parts I was guessing at. Aduerte, D. (2014). The Origin of Earth and of Man. Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society. Sino-Filipino Historico-cultural Relations. Noval-Morales, D. Y. Fox, R. B. (1923). Ambrosio, D. K. (2013). Sulod Society. Baguio City: Lyceum of Baguio. The Katipunan of the Philippines. Sepa, Centipede God. Bran in Welsh really means crow, but sometimes with references to head, height, hill, in the sense of headmaster, sir. On January 14th we honor Sepa, the Centipede God. Page 305. WebA common centipede is the house centipede (S cutigera forceps), which is about 5 centimetres (2 inches) long and has 15 pairs of legs. Philippine Myths, Legends, and Folktales. Want to shed the baggage of your old life and embrace a new and beautiful one? Centennial Crossings: Readings on Babaylan Feminism in the Philippines. Higaonon Oral Literature: A Cultural Heritage. Nanzan University. These perceptions of existence towards gods, goddesses, deities, and spirits in the sacred native Filipino religions, is the same way how Christians perceive the existence of their god they refer as God and the same way Muslims perceive the existence of their god they refer as Allah. Philippine Studies Vol. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art: Peoples of the Philippines, Kalinga to Yakan. In fact, the scarab beetle also known as the dung beetle, because it rolls animal droppings into balls factors predominantly into legends detailing the creation of the earth and the universe itself. Lacson, T.; Gamos, A. "Sibod in Binanog: Understanding the Binanog Tradition of the Panay Bukidnon in Western Visayas." Ateneo de Manila University. Ramirez y Giraudier, 1860. 1: A Legend of the Subanen Buklog. Seki, K. (2001). (1999). Urduja Beleaguered: And Other Essays on Pangasinan Language, Literature, and Culture. Anvil Publishing. Jocano, F. L. (1969). Teh-Ming Wang. (1913). The History of Sumatra: Containing An Account Of The Government, Laws, Customs And / Manners Of The Native Inhabitants. Bowring, John (1858). Canberra: The Australian National University. [1] The diversity in these important figures is exhibited in many cases, of which a prime example is the Ifugao pantheon, where in a single pantheon, deities alone are calculated to number at least 1,500. Philippine Studies Vol. The sign of Aries is one of action, fire, lust, and rage. Scutigera coleoptrata: This is commonly referred to as the house centipede. Reyes y Florentino, Isabelo de los. Whats really interesting, though, is when you take a look to look at the smaller critters and creatures that are around, and their magical associations specifically, insects. The Religion of the Ifugaos, Volumes 6568. Hes also invoked against the Uncreated One Madrid, 1895. Nicdao, A. Ouano-Savellon, R. (2014). Malinao in hald with a thunderbolt; Asuang: brother of Gugurang; an evil god who wanted Gugurang's fire, and gathered evil spirits and advisers to cause immortality and crime to reign; vanquished by Gugurang but his influence still lingers, Unnamed Giant: supports the world; movement from his index finger causes a small earthquake, while movement from his third finger causes strong ones; if he moves his whole body, the earth will be destroyed, Daga: son of Dagat and Paros; inherited his father'control of the wind; instigated an unsuccessfully rebellion against his grandfather, Languit, and died; his body became the earth. University,University of Manila (1958). North Atlantic Books, 2010. As centipedes are venomous, Sepa was considered to have power over other venomous animals and could be invoked for protection against snake bites and scorpion stings. Lopez-Gonzaga, V. B. Indigenous paraplegic divinity: The story of Namtogan. Diccionario mitologico de Filipinas. Philippine Studies Journal. I Capul, siray pati inaanto / Capul, noon at ngayon: Ang kasaysayan ng palo ng Capul / Capul, before and now: a history of Capul Island. Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. Manila. JATI: Jurnal Jabatan Pengajian Asia Tenggara Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial, Nimfa L. Bracamonte, N. L. (2005). Kelly, P. (2016). Beyer, H. O. Monteclaro, P. A. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. It could be inferred that Cent (1970). Although traditionally Imbolcis associated with Brighid, the Irish goddess of hearth and home, there are a number of other deities who are represented at this time of year. Aguilar, [edited by] Celedonio G. (1994). Handbook of Philippine language groups. Pedro de(1613). As centipedes are venomous, Sepa was considered to have power over other venomous animals and could be invoked for protection against snake bites and scorpion stings. (1994). Snpan Singsing: Center for Kapampngan Cultural Heritage. (1974). Sevilla, Spain: Archivo de la Indias. University of the Philippines. POTET, Jean-Paul G. (2013). Muyco, Maria Christine M. 2008. History Department, De La Salle University Manila. The Legend of the Miraculous Lady in White Lurking in Eastern Samar's Hamorawan Spring. Is there something troubling you that you cant quite get a handle on? Philippiniana Sacra, Volume 37, Issues 109-111. American Anthropological Assn. Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 5, No. Diccionario mitologico de Filipinas. Dreamweavers. 28, No. Ethnography of The Bikol People, ii. Fundacin Santiago, 1996. Kabunian: the supreme deity and the origin of rice; Moon Deity: the deity who teased Kabunian for not yet having a spouse, Child of Kabunian: the child of Kabunian with a mortal woman; split in half, where one part became lightning and the other became thunder, Matono: a brave woman who adventured into the underworld and saw the causes of poor crops and earthquakes; she afterwards reported her studies to the people of the earth; during the kosdy, the people pray to her to not permit the rice, camotes, and other things to grow down, but to cause them to grow up, Kabigat (of where the water rises): journeyed into the underworld to retrieve trees which became the forests of the middle world, Kabigat (of where the water empties): taught Kabigat (of where the water empties) how to safely get trees from the underworld, Masekn: ruler of the underworld with green eyebrows, red eyes, and a tail, Kabigat (of the east): a large man in the east who adopted Bangan, Bangan: son of Otot and adopted by Kabigat; a kind young man who loved both his father and foster-father; shared gold to the world though Kabigat, Otot: a large man in the west who perished due to an accident, while travelling with his son, Bangan; a tree of gold rose from his burial, where Kabunian fell the tree and all gold on earth scattered from it, Sun God: the deity who pushed up the skyworld and pushed down the underworld, creating earth, after he was hit by a man's arrow during the war between the peoples of the skyworld and the underworld, Labangan: a man who was got the first grain of rice used by mankind from Kabunian, Wife of Kabunian: the spouse of Kabunian who bore their child, which was split into two and revived into lightning and thunder, Two Blind Women: two kind blind beggars in hunger who were driven away by their neighbors; fed by a woman who came from a rock and an old woman; one was given a sack or rice, while the other was given a bottle of water; when they returned home, they decided to replant the rice and distribute it to the people, while the bottle of water gushed out streams which also aided mankind, Delan: deity of the moon, worshiped with the sun and stars; congenial with Elag; during quarrels, Elag sometimes covers Delan's face, causing the different phases of the moon; giver of light and growth, Elag: deity of the sun, worshiped with the moon and stars; has a magnificent house in the sky realm called Gacay; retreats to his home during nights; giver of light and growth, Pandac: deity of the stars, worshiped with the sun and moon; giver of light and growth, Cain: the headhunter creator of mankind; gave customs to the people; lived together with Abel in the sky but separated due to a quarrel, Abel: prayed to when wishing long lives for children; lived together with Cain in the sky but separated due to a quarrel, Keat: personification of lightning, depicted as the road of Cain and Abel, Kidu: personification of thunder, which follows Keat, Oden: deity of the rain, worshiped for its life-giving waters, Betang: unpredictable shape-shifting spirit-creatures living in the forests or wilderness called Gongot; youth and softness are their properties, while they can also alter a human's sense of time; they may take the form of a white dog, a large deer, a horse with a hanging tongue, a naked woman, or beings with grotesque shapes, whose attributes range from long arms and legs, small heads, oversized feet, fur bodies, to hairless bodies; they may also enter a person's dreams or paralyze a human, Gaek Spirits: spirits in the Gaek magic plant used in relation to hunting and fishing; the naw-naw prayer is given to them, Unnamed Supreme God: the supreme god who tasked the primordial giants to initiate the creation of many things, Buni: possibly the name of the supreme god, Aran: one of the two primordial giants tasked with the creation of many things, Abra: an old god who controls the weather; married to Makiling, the elder, Makiling (the elder): the goddess gave birth to Cabuyaran, Cabuyaran: the goddess of healing; daughter of Abra and Makiling, the elder; she eloped with Anianihan, Anianihan: the god of harvest who eloped with Cabuyaran, Saguday: the god of the wind who is one of the two gods preferred by Abra to be his daughter's spouse, Revenador: the god of thunder and lightning who is one of the two gods preferred by Abra to his daughter's spouse, Bulan: the god of peace who comforted the grieving Abra, Amman: the god of the sun, where the sun is his eye, Makiling (the younger): granddaughter of Makiling, the elder; she is guarded by the dog god Lobo in the underworld, Lobo: a god who was punished to become a large dog guarding the entrance to the underworld, Unnamed God: the underworld god who punished Lobo, Sipnget: the goddess of darkness who requested Ang-ngalo to build her a mansion, Asin: ruler of the kingdom of salt, who aided Ang-ngalo in the building of a white mansion, Ocean Deity: the goddess of the ocean whose waters slammed the ediface of salt being built by Ang-ngalo and Asin, causing the sea's water to become salty, Apolaki: the name of a deity, which later was used to refer to the supreme deity of Christian converts, Ines Kannoyan: beautiful maiden who became the lover of Lam-ang; aided the resurrection of Lam-ang, Horned Presidente: a presidente of a town who wished to have horns to frighten the people under his rule and keep them under his control; his wish backfired as the people perceived him as worse than an animal; he continued to demand to be the ruler despite his people withdrawing their support, which eventually led to his death, Agueo: the morose and taciturn sun god who is obedient to his father, Ama; lives in a palace of light, Bulan: the merry and mischievous moon god, whose dim palace was the source of the perpetual light which became the stars; guides the ways of thieves, Anito: spirits who lurk everywhere; capable of inflicting pain and suffering, or of granting rewards, Gods of the Pistay Dayat: gods who are pacified through the Pistay Dayat ritual, where offerings are given to the spirits of the waters who pacify the gods, Urduja: a warrior princess who headed a supreme fleet, Rizal: a culture-hero who, according to tradition, will return to aid his people in their struggle for victory and genuine freedom, Malayari: also called Apo Namalyari, the supreme deity and creator, Akasi: the god of health and sickness; sometimes seen at the same level of power as Malayari, Kalasakas: god of early ripening of rice stalks, Kalasokus: god of turning grain yellow and dry, Damulag: also called Damolag, god of protecting fruiting rice from the elements, Anitun Tauo: the goddess of wind and rain who was reduced in rank by Malayari for her conceit, Great Creator: the god who created all things; used to come down and talk to people before the great flood; rules the earth through Tigbalog, Lueve, Amas, and Binangewan, Gutugutumakkan: the supreme deity, possibly the name of the Great Creator.